Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions
In highly charged ions, significant nuclear hyperfine mixing (NHM) effects can arise when the electromagnetic field generated by the electrons interacts strongly with the nucleus, leading to mixing of nuclear states. While previous studies have primarily attributed the NHM effect to unpaired valence...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Atoms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/13/1/2 |
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| Summary: | In highly charged ions, significant nuclear hyperfine mixing (NHM) effects can arise when the electromagnetic field generated by the electrons interacts strongly with the nucleus, leading to mixing of nuclear states. While previous studies have primarily attributed the NHM effect to unpaired valence electrons, we present a reformulation of the theoretical framework using dressed hyperfine states and investigate the NHM effect in <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>76+</sup>, <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>75+</sup>, <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>74+</sup>, and <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>73+</sup> ions. Our numerical results show that significant NHM effects occurred in all of the studied ions, even in the absence of unpaired valence electrons in <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>76+</sup> and <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>74+</sup>. We found that the lifetime of the isomeric state was reduced by 2–4 orders of magnitude compared with the bare <sup>205</sup>Pb nucleus, depending on the charge state of the ion. These results indicate that it is the active valence electrons rather than unpaired electrons which play a key role in the NHM effect, thereby deepening our understanding of this phenomenon. |
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| ISSN: | 2218-2004 |