Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk score

Abstract Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA DR/DQ region have the greatest impact on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Non-HLA SNPs interact with the HLA, influencing the risk for T1DM. The aim of this study was to develop a genetic risk score (GRS) based on HLA DR/DQ...

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Main Authors: Felipe Mateus Pellenz, Mayara Souza de Oliveira, Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte, Natália Emerim Lemos, Cristine Dieter, Luís Henrique Canani, Taís Silveira Assmann, Daisy Crispim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Genética 2025-04-01
Series:Genetics and Molecular Biology
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572025000200101&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Felipe Mateus Pellenz
Mayara Souza de Oliveira
Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte
Natália Emerim Lemos
Cristine Dieter
Luís Henrique Canani
Taís Silveira Assmann
Daisy Crispim
author_facet Felipe Mateus Pellenz
Mayara Souza de Oliveira
Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte
Natália Emerim Lemos
Cristine Dieter
Luís Henrique Canani
Taís Silveira Assmann
Daisy Crispim
author_sort Felipe Mateus Pellenz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA DR/DQ region have the greatest impact on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Non-HLA SNPs interact with the HLA, influencing the risk for T1DM. The aim of this study was to develop a genetic risk score (GRS) based on HLA DR/DQ and non-HLA SNPs to discriminate patients with T1DM. The sample comprised 466 patients with T1DM and 469 controls. The rs689/INS, rs2476601/PTPN22, rs231775/CTLA-4, rs2304256/TYK2, rs2292239/ERBB3, and HLA DR/DQ SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR. The unweighted GRS (uGRS) was calculated by summing the risk alleles of each SNP and the weighted GRS (wGRS) by multiplying the risk alleles by their odds ratios. The uGRS was higher in T1DM patients than in non-diabetic controls (0.34 ± 0.14 vs. 0.26 ± 0.13, P <0.0001), being positively correlated with HbA1c levels (P <0.0001). wGRSs exhibited higher AUCs than uGRSs. The wGRS containing only HLA DR/DQ SNPs showed an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI 0.72 - 0.78). The wGRS containing both HLA DR/DQ and non-HLA SNPs, adjusted for race, demonstrated the best discriminative power [AUC 0.91 (95% CI 0.89 - 0.93)]. The race adjusted-wGRS, including all SNPs, seems to be a useful genetic tool for assessing individual’s predisposition to T1DM.
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spelling doaj-art-68a166d0219d4f40bb49566bd1f324062025-08-20T03:53:01ZengSociedade Brasileira de GenéticaGenetics and Molecular Biology1678-46852025-04-0148210.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0308Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk scoreFelipe Mateus Pellenzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-9407Mayara Souza de Oliveirahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-1459Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duartehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3678-4639Natália Emerim Lemoshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-5801Cristine Dieterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-930XLuís Henrique Cananihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-4491Taís Silveira Assmannhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8243Daisy Crispimhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-9269Abstract Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA DR/DQ region have the greatest impact on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Non-HLA SNPs interact with the HLA, influencing the risk for T1DM. The aim of this study was to develop a genetic risk score (GRS) based on HLA DR/DQ and non-HLA SNPs to discriminate patients with T1DM. The sample comprised 466 patients with T1DM and 469 controls. The rs689/INS, rs2476601/PTPN22, rs231775/CTLA-4, rs2304256/TYK2, rs2292239/ERBB3, and HLA DR/DQ SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR. The unweighted GRS (uGRS) was calculated by summing the risk alleles of each SNP and the weighted GRS (wGRS) by multiplying the risk alleles by their odds ratios. The uGRS was higher in T1DM patients than in non-diabetic controls (0.34 ± 0.14 vs. 0.26 ± 0.13, P <0.0001), being positively correlated with HbA1c levels (P <0.0001). wGRSs exhibited higher AUCs than uGRSs. The wGRS containing only HLA DR/DQ SNPs showed an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI 0.72 - 0.78). The wGRS containing both HLA DR/DQ and non-HLA SNPs, adjusted for race, demonstrated the best discriminative power [AUC 0.91 (95% CI 0.89 - 0.93)]. The race adjusted-wGRS, including all SNPs, seems to be a useful genetic tool for assessing individual’s predisposition to T1DM.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572025000200101&lng=en&tlng=enRace adjusted-genetic risk scoreHLA DR/DQsingle nucleotide polymorphismstype 1 diabetes mellitus
spellingShingle Felipe Mateus Pellenz
Mayara Souza de Oliveira
Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte
Natália Emerim Lemos
Cristine Dieter
Luís Henrique Canani
Taís Silveira Assmann
Daisy Crispim
Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk score
Genetics and Molecular Biology
Race adjusted-genetic risk score
HLA DR/DQ
single nucleotide polymorphisms
type 1 diabetes mellitus
title Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk score
title_full Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk score
title_fullStr Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk score
title_full_unstemmed Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk score
title_short Identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a Southern Brazilian population: The construction of a genetic risk score
title_sort identifying genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes mellitus individuals in a southern brazilian population the construction of a genetic risk score
topic Race adjusted-genetic risk score
HLA DR/DQ
single nucleotide polymorphisms
type 1 diabetes mellitus
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572025000200101&lng=en&tlng=en
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