Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes
<b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to compare the acute responses of the muscular activity of primary movers during bench press execution under asymmetric loads (25%, 50%, and 75%). <b>Methods</b>: The study included 30 resistance-trained males (n = 25, age = 22.73 ± 3.44 ye...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
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| author | Bernat Buscà Jordi Arboix-Alió Clàudia Baraut Adrià Arboix Joan Aguilera-Castells |
| author_facet | Bernat Buscà Jordi Arboix-Alió Clàudia Baraut Adrià Arboix Joan Aguilera-Castells |
| author_sort | Bernat Buscà |
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| description | <b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to compare the acute responses of the muscular activity of primary movers during bench press execution under asymmetric loads (25%, 50%, and 75%). <b>Methods</b>: The study included 30 resistance-trained males (n = 25, age = 22.73 ± 3.44 years, height= 1.77 ± 0.06 m, body mass= 76.77 ± 9.28 kg) and females (n = 5, age = 22.5 ± 1.19 years, height = 1.63 ± 0.04 m, body mass = 56.78 ± 2.90 kg). We assessed the two portions of the dominant pectoralis major, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and both external oblique peak activities (sEMG) during concentric and eccentric phases. We performed a repeated-measures design to establish the differences between muscle activity, barbell center of mass acceleration, and OMNI-Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise (OMNI-RES) in a bench press under seven different conditions. <b>Results</b>: The linear mixed model showed a significant fixed effect for exercise condition for muscles (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the concentric and eccentric phases. We found significantly higher clavicularis (<i>d</i> = 0.54; <i>d</i> = 1.15) and sternalis (<i>d</i> = 0.38; <i>d</i> = 0.86) pectoralis major activation of the dominant side under high (50% and 75%), non-dominant-side, de-loaded conditions in the eccentric phase (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with large effects. Contralateral core muscles (external oblique) of the dominant and non-dominant sides were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) highly activated under all asymmetric conditions in the concentric phase (from <i>d</i> = 0.89 to <i>d</i> = 2.30). <b>Conclusions</b>: The asymmetric load bench press provoked a higher pectoralis major activation on the loaded side when de-loading the other side. The contralateral external oblique doubles the muscle activity in the most asymmetric conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6830a923467d4a8d8dce69e0864b7d58 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2411-5142 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6830a923467d4a8d8dce69e0864b7d582025-08-20T02:21:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422025-05-0110218010.3390/jfmk10020180Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained AthletesBernat Buscà0Jordi Arboix-Alió1Clàudia Baraut2Adrià Arboix3Joan Aguilera-Castells4Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, SpainCerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona, 08029 Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain<b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to compare the acute responses of the muscular activity of primary movers during bench press execution under asymmetric loads (25%, 50%, and 75%). <b>Methods</b>: The study included 30 resistance-trained males (n = 25, age = 22.73 ± 3.44 years, height= 1.77 ± 0.06 m, body mass= 76.77 ± 9.28 kg) and females (n = 5, age = 22.5 ± 1.19 years, height = 1.63 ± 0.04 m, body mass = 56.78 ± 2.90 kg). We assessed the two portions of the dominant pectoralis major, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and both external oblique peak activities (sEMG) during concentric and eccentric phases. We performed a repeated-measures design to establish the differences between muscle activity, barbell center of mass acceleration, and OMNI-Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise (OMNI-RES) in a bench press under seven different conditions. <b>Results</b>: The linear mixed model showed a significant fixed effect for exercise condition for muscles (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in the concentric and eccentric phases. We found significantly higher clavicularis (<i>d</i> = 0.54; <i>d</i> = 1.15) and sternalis (<i>d</i> = 0.38; <i>d</i> = 0.86) pectoralis major activation of the dominant side under high (50% and 75%), non-dominant-side, de-loaded conditions in the eccentric phase (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with large effects. Contralateral core muscles (external oblique) of the dominant and non-dominant sides were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) highly activated under all asymmetric conditions in the concentric phase (from <i>d</i> = 0.89 to <i>d</i> = 2.30). <b>Conclusions</b>: The asymmetric load bench press provoked a higher pectoralis major activation on the loaded side when de-loading the other side. The contralateral external oblique doubles the muscle activity in the most asymmetric conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/180asymmetric trainingsymmetry loadingresistance exerciseselectromyographyinstability |
| spellingShingle | Bernat Buscà Jordi Arboix-Alió Clàudia Baraut Adrià Arboix Joan Aguilera-Castells Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology asymmetric training symmetry loading resistance exercises electromyography instability |
| title | Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes |
| title_full | Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes |
| title_fullStr | Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes |
| title_short | Great Offset Loading Influences Core and Bench Press Peak Prime Mover’s Activity in Trained Athletes |
| title_sort | great offset loading influences core and bench press peak prime mover s activity in trained athletes |
| topic | asymmetric training symmetry loading resistance exercises electromyography instability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/180 |
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