Optimizing LED lighting spectra for enhanced growth in controlled-environment vertical farms

Abstract Due to growing demands for sustainable food production, controlled-environment vertical farms (CEVFs) have emerged as promising systems for cultivating vegetables and herbs in urban areas. However, these systems are often criticized for their high energy consumption, largely influenced by a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: H. Farhangi, V. Mozafari, H. R. Roosta, H. Shirani, S. Farhangi, M. Farhangi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15352-7
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