Elevated Kappa Index in the Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid IgG Oligoclonal Bands: Contribution of Intrathecal IgM and IgA Synthesis

Elevated Kappa Index in the Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid IgG Oligoclonal Bands: Contribution of Intrathecal IgM and IgA Synthesis

The kappa index is a well-established marker of intrathecal synthesis (IS) of immunoglobulin (Ig). Routinely used for diagnostic aims, IgG IS, which can be assessed quantitatively (ad hoc formulas) or qualitatively (oligoclonal bands, OCBs), may fail in detecting a humoral immune response within the...

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Main Authors: Krzysztof Smolik, Roberta Bedin, Patrizia Natali, Martina Cardi, Diego Franciotta, Anna Maria Simone, Paolo Immovilli, Mario Santangelo, Matteo Gastaldi, Giulia De Napoli, Francesca Vitetta, Diana Ferraro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
kappa index
oligoclonal bands
IgM/IgA intrathecal synthesis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/90
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