Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learning
IntroductionThis study aimed to analyze the flavor profile and microbial community structure of 54 Suansun samples, fermented using three different methods: direct fermentation, natural water-sealed fermentation, and natural fermentation. The combination of SBSE-GC-MS, electronic nose, 16S rRNA, and...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1598252/full |
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| author | Jianwen Wu Yizhao Li Mi Qiu Jihua Guan |
| author_facet | Jianwen Wu Yizhao Li Mi Qiu Jihua Guan |
| author_sort | Jianwen Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThis study aimed to analyze the flavor profile and microbial community structure of 54 Suansun samples, fermented using three different methods: direct fermentation, natural water-sealed fermentation, and natural fermentation. The combination of SBSE-GC-MS, electronic nose, 16S rRNA, and SVM machine learning was used for comprehensive discrimination.MethodsThe flavor components and microbial community structure were analyzed using SBSE-GC-MS, electronic nose, and 16S rRNA sequencing. SVM machine learning was employed to classify the samples based on their characteristics.ResultsA total of 114 common aroma components were identified, including esters, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, acids, aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, phenols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, and others. Using a p < 0.05 and VIP > 1 threshold, 27 key characteristic flavor compounds were identified, with the highest concentration found in the natural water-sealed fermentation method. The SVM model achieved a 100% discrimination rate. Dominant bacterial genera identified across the methods were Lactiplantibacillus, Lactococcus, Weissella, and Limosilactobacillus, with a 95.65% match between dominant genera and key flavor compounds in natural water-sealed fermentation.DiscussionThe study highlights that natural water-sealed fermentation is the most effective method for enhancing flavor profiles, and that Weissella plays a significant role in the production of key flavor compounds, particularly p-cresol, which increased over 600 times in natural water-sealed fermentation. Direct fermentation significantly shortens the fermentation cycle, while natural water-sealed fermentation offers the best results in terms of flavor development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6676c481d8b34201b71aa97bb46ad66a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6676c481d8b34201b71aa97bb46ad66a2025-08-20T02:39:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-07-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15982521598252Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learningJianwen Wu0Yizhao Li1Mi Qiu2Jihua Guan3Guangxi Laboratory of Forestry, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, ChinaFaculty of Agricultural Engineering, Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Laboratory of Forestry, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Laboratory of Forestry, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, ChinaIntroductionThis study aimed to analyze the flavor profile and microbial community structure of 54 Suansun samples, fermented using three different methods: direct fermentation, natural water-sealed fermentation, and natural fermentation. The combination of SBSE-GC-MS, electronic nose, 16S rRNA, and SVM machine learning was used for comprehensive discrimination.MethodsThe flavor components and microbial community structure were analyzed using SBSE-GC-MS, electronic nose, and 16S rRNA sequencing. SVM machine learning was employed to classify the samples based on their characteristics.ResultsA total of 114 common aroma components were identified, including esters, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, acids, aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, phenols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, and others. Using a p < 0.05 and VIP > 1 threshold, 27 key characteristic flavor compounds were identified, with the highest concentration found in the natural water-sealed fermentation method. The SVM model achieved a 100% discrimination rate. Dominant bacterial genera identified across the methods were Lactiplantibacillus, Lactococcus, Weissella, and Limosilactobacillus, with a 95.65% match between dominant genera and key flavor compounds in natural water-sealed fermentation.DiscussionThe study highlights that natural water-sealed fermentation is the most effective method for enhancing flavor profiles, and that Weissella plays a significant role in the production of key flavor compounds, particularly p-cresol, which increased over 600 times in natural water-sealed fermentation. Direct fermentation significantly shortens the fermentation cycle, while natural water-sealed fermentation offers the best results in terms of flavor development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1598252/fullSBSEsuansunSVM16sRNAmicrobial community |
| spellingShingle | Jianwen Wu Yizhao Li Mi Qiu Jihua Guan Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learning Frontiers in Microbiology SBSE suansun SVM 16sRNA microbial community |
| title | Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learning |
| title_full | Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learning |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learning |
| title_short | Comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on SBSE-GC-MS combined with SVM machine learning |
| title_sort | comparison of suansun fermentation methods based on sbse gc ms combined with svm machine learning |
| topic | SBSE suansun SVM 16sRNA microbial community |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1598252/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jianwenwu comparisonofsuansunfermentationmethodsbasedonsbsegcmscombinedwithsvmmachinelearning AT yizhaoli comparisonofsuansunfermentationmethodsbasedonsbsegcmscombinedwithsvmmachinelearning AT miqiu comparisonofsuansunfermentationmethodsbasedonsbsegcmscombinedwithsvmmachinelearning AT jihuaguan comparisonofsuansunfermentationmethodsbasedonsbsegcmscombinedwithsvmmachinelearning |