Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with thyroid disease which affects ocular and orbital tissues. GO follows a biphasic course in which an initial active phase of progression is followed by a subsequent partial regression and a static inactive phase. Althou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/249125 |
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| author | Jesús Barrio-Barrio Alfonso L. Sabater Elvira Bonet-Farriol Álvaro Velázquez-Villoria Juan C. Galofré |
| author_facet | Jesús Barrio-Barrio Alfonso L. Sabater Elvira Bonet-Farriol Álvaro Velázquez-Villoria Juan C. Galofré |
| author_sort | Jesús Barrio-Barrio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with thyroid disease which affects ocular and orbital tissues. GO follows a biphasic course in which an initial active phase of progression is followed by a subsequent partial regression and a static inactive phase. Although the majority of GO patients have a mild, self-limiting, and nonprogressive ocular involvement, about 3–7% of GO patients exhibit a severe sight-threatening form of the disease due to corneal exposure or compressive optic neuropathy. An appropriate assessment of both severity and activity of the disease warrants an adequate treatment. The VISA (vision, inflammation, strabismus, and appearance), and the European Group of Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) classifications are the two widely used grading systems conceived to assess the activity and severity of GO and guide the therapeutic decision making. A critical analysis of classification, assessment, and management systems is reported. A simplified “GO activity assessment checklist” for routine clinical practice is proposed. Current treatments are reviewed and management guidelines according to the severity and activity of the disease are provided. New treatment modalities such as specific monoclonal antibodies, TSH-R antagonists, and other immunomodulatory agents show a promising outcome for GO patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6653ce8cae844c29a490047e2433bf68 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-004X 2090-0058 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6653ce8cae844c29a490047e2433bf682025-02-03T05:58:28ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582015-01-01201510.1155/2015/249125249125Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and ManagementJesús Barrio-Barrio0Alfonso L. Sabater1Elvira Bonet-Farriol2Álvaro Velázquez-Villoria3Juan C. Galofré4Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainGraves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with thyroid disease which affects ocular and orbital tissues. GO follows a biphasic course in which an initial active phase of progression is followed by a subsequent partial regression and a static inactive phase. Although the majority of GO patients have a mild, self-limiting, and nonprogressive ocular involvement, about 3–7% of GO patients exhibit a severe sight-threatening form of the disease due to corneal exposure or compressive optic neuropathy. An appropriate assessment of both severity and activity of the disease warrants an adequate treatment. The VISA (vision, inflammation, strabismus, and appearance), and the European Group of Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) classifications are the two widely used grading systems conceived to assess the activity and severity of GO and guide the therapeutic decision making. A critical analysis of classification, assessment, and management systems is reported. A simplified “GO activity assessment checklist” for routine clinical practice is proposed. Current treatments are reviewed and management guidelines according to the severity and activity of the disease are provided. New treatment modalities such as specific monoclonal antibodies, TSH-R antagonists, and other immunomodulatory agents show a promising outcome for GO patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/249125 |
| spellingShingle | Jesús Barrio-Barrio Alfonso L. Sabater Elvira Bonet-Farriol Álvaro Velázquez-Villoria Juan C. Galofré Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management Journal of Ophthalmology |
| title | Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management |
| title_full | Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management |
| title_fullStr | Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management |
| title_short | Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management |
| title_sort | graves ophthalmopathy visa versus eugogo classification assessment and management |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/249125 |
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