Efficient dispersion of aggregated extracellular vesicles: a comparative study of water-bath sonication and regular pipetting

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released by various cell types that facilitate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules. Owing to their biocompatibility, EVs are widely used as drug delivery vehicles. However, freezing EVs at – 70 °C can induce a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Suryeon Kim, Inhwan Oh, Juhyun Kim, Nayeong Lee, Jun Go, Yang Jin, Won June Kim, Heedoo Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10050-w
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