Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical Simulations
In this study, a diagnostic model for lower atmospheric ducts was developed using the polar weather research and forecasting model. A five-year simulation was then conducted across the entire Arctic region to investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of lower atmospheric ducts. The model...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/11 |
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| author | Jinyue Wang Xiaofeng Zhao Jing Zou Pinglv Yang Bo Wang Shuai Yang Zhijin Qiu Zhiqian Li Tong Hu Miaomiao Song |
| author_facet | Jinyue Wang Xiaofeng Zhao Jing Zou Pinglv Yang Bo Wang Shuai Yang Zhijin Qiu Zhiqian Li Tong Hu Miaomiao Song |
| author_sort | Jinyue Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a diagnostic model for lower atmospheric ducts was developed using the polar weather research and forecasting model. A five-year simulation was then conducted across the entire Arctic region to investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of lower atmospheric ducts. The model demonstrated excellent performance in simulating modified atmospheric refractivity, with root mean square errors ranging from 0 M to 5 M. The five-year simulation results revealed that duct occurrence rates across the Arctic region were all below 1% and exhibited a negative relationship with latitude. Regarding the difference between surface ducts and elevated ducts, a higher frequency of surface ducts was detected in the Arctic region. The height and thickness of surface ducts were generally lower than those of elevated ducts, but the strength of surface ducts was slightly greater. Regionally, surface ducts mainly occurred in the land areas surrounding the Arctic Ocean, while more elevated ducts were found in the North Atlantic Sea area. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between the polar vortex indices and the characteristics of ducts, particularly for surface ducts. The ducts in Greenland were notably influenced by polar vortex activity, whereas the ducts in other regions, such as the Norwegian Sea and Kara Sea, were less affected. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6624cddd0c5640d1aa41b69ee592fece |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-6624cddd0c5640d1aa41b69ee592fece2025-01-24T13:21:41ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-12-011611110.3390/atmos16010011Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical SimulationsJinyue Wang0Xiaofeng Zhao1Jing Zou2Pinglv Yang3Bo Wang4Shuai Yang5Zhijin Qiu6Zhiqian Li7Tong Hu8Miaomiao Song9Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaIn this study, a diagnostic model for lower atmospheric ducts was developed using the polar weather research and forecasting model. A five-year simulation was then conducted across the entire Arctic region to investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of lower atmospheric ducts. The model demonstrated excellent performance in simulating modified atmospheric refractivity, with root mean square errors ranging from 0 M to 5 M. The five-year simulation results revealed that duct occurrence rates across the Arctic region were all below 1% and exhibited a negative relationship with latitude. Regarding the difference between surface ducts and elevated ducts, a higher frequency of surface ducts was detected in the Arctic region. The height and thickness of surface ducts were generally lower than those of elevated ducts, but the strength of surface ducts was slightly greater. Regionally, surface ducts mainly occurred in the land areas surrounding the Arctic Ocean, while more elevated ducts were found in the North Atlantic Sea area. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between the polar vortex indices and the characteristics of ducts, particularly for surface ducts. The ducts in Greenland were notably influenced by polar vortex activity, whereas the ducts in other regions, such as the Norwegian Sea and Kara Sea, were less affected.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/11lower atmospheric ductspatio-temporal characteristicclimatic simulationseasonal variationArctic Sea |
| spellingShingle | Jinyue Wang Xiaofeng Zhao Jing Zou Pinglv Yang Bo Wang Shuai Yang Zhijin Qiu Zhiqian Li Tong Hu Miaomiao Song Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical Simulations Atmosphere lower atmospheric duct spatio-temporal characteristic climatic simulation seasonal variation Arctic Sea |
| title | Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical Simulations |
| title_full | Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical Simulations |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical Simulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical Simulations |
| title_short | Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Lower Atmospheric Ducts in the Arctic via Long-Term Numerical Simulations |
| title_sort | investigating the temporal and spatial characteristics of lower atmospheric ducts in the arctic via long term numerical simulations |
| topic | lower atmospheric duct spatio-temporal characteristic climatic simulation seasonal variation Arctic Sea |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/11 |
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