Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production

This study explores the potential of porang flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as a sustainable filler in urea formaldehyde (UF) and citric acid (CA) adhesives, highlighting its effect on enhancing plywood performance. The physical and mechanical properties of plywood bonded with varying compositions o...

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Main Authors: Imam Busyra Abdillah, Alifah Syahfitri, Muhammad Ilham Aulia, Abdus Syukur, Sarah Augustina, Sukma Surya Kusumah, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Jajang Sutiawan, Mahdi Mubarok, Rita Kartika Sari, Naresworo Nugroho, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Dede Hermawan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-06-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24327
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author Imam Busyra Abdillah
Alifah Syahfitri
Muhammad Ilham Aulia
Abdus Syukur
Sarah Augustina
Sukma Surya Kusumah
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
Jajang Sutiawan
Mahdi Mubarok
Rita Kartika Sari
Naresworo Nugroho
Yusuf Sudo Hadi
Dede Hermawan
author_facet Imam Busyra Abdillah
Alifah Syahfitri
Muhammad Ilham Aulia
Abdus Syukur
Sarah Augustina
Sukma Surya Kusumah
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
Jajang Sutiawan
Mahdi Mubarok
Rita Kartika Sari
Naresworo Nugroho
Yusuf Sudo Hadi
Dede Hermawan
author_sort Imam Busyra Abdillah
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the potential of porang flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as a sustainable filler in urea formaldehyde (UF) and citric acid (CA) adhesives, highlighting its effect on enhancing plywood performance. The physical and mechanical properties of plywood bonded with varying compositions of porang flour (0%, 10%, 20%) were evaluated according to Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS 233:2003) for plywood. Three-layer plywood panels were manufactured using sengon wood and both types of adhesives. The results showed that adding porang flour to UF and CA adhesives significantly increased the solids content and improved physical and mechanical properties. Plywood bonded with UF exhibited superior density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and shear strength properties. Conversely, plywood bonded with CA adhesive showed better results in moisture content, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). Overall, adding 10% porang flour was optimal for improving plywood’s physical and mechanical properties. These findings suggest that porang flour is an eco-friendly additive that can enhance the performance of natural adhesives in plywood manufacturing, providing a greener alternative to conventional adhesives.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1930-2126
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher North Carolina State University
record_format Article
series BioResources
spelling doaj-art-65d40c39970440e387cdefb2b0663deb2025-08-20T04:00:33ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-06-01203613561602602Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood ProductionImam Busyra Abdillah0Alifah Syahfitri1Muhammad Ilham Aulia2Abdus Syukur3Sarah Augustina4Sukma Surya Kusumah5Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis6Jajang Sutiawan7Mahdi Mubarok8Rita Kartika Sari9Naresworo Nugroho10Yusuf Sudo Hadi11Dede Hermawan12Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaForest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaForest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaForest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaForest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaForest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaForest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaThe Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Independence Drive, East Taraka, Lae 411, Papua New GuineaForest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Dramaga, 16680, IndonesiaThis study explores the potential of porang flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as a sustainable filler in urea formaldehyde (UF) and citric acid (CA) adhesives, highlighting its effect on enhancing plywood performance. The physical and mechanical properties of plywood bonded with varying compositions of porang flour (0%, 10%, 20%) were evaluated according to Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS 233:2003) for plywood. Three-layer plywood panels were manufactured using sengon wood and both types of adhesives. The results showed that adding porang flour to UF and CA adhesives significantly increased the solids content and improved physical and mechanical properties. Plywood bonded with UF exhibited superior density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and shear strength properties. Conversely, plywood bonded with CA adhesive showed better results in moisture content, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). Overall, adding 10% porang flour was optimal for improving plywood’s physical and mechanical properties. These findings suggest that porang flour is an eco-friendly additive that can enhance the performance of natural adhesives in plywood manufacturing, providing a greener alternative to conventional adhesives.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24327citric acidplywood performanceporang floururea formaldehydewood adhesive
spellingShingle Imam Busyra Abdillah
Alifah Syahfitri
Muhammad Ilham Aulia
Abdus Syukur
Sarah Augustina
Sukma Surya Kusumah
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
Jajang Sutiawan
Mahdi Mubarok
Rita Kartika Sari
Naresworo Nugroho
Yusuf Sudo Hadi
Dede Hermawan
Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production
BioResources
citric acid
plywood performance
porang flour
urea formaldehyde
wood adhesive
title Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production
title_full Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production
title_fullStr Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production
title_short Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production
title_sort evaluation of porang flour amorphophallus muelleri as natural filler for enhancing urea formaldehyde and citric acid adhesives in plywood production
topic citric acid
plywood performance
porang flour
urea formaldehyde
wood adhesive
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24327
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