Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches

Deuterium gas-puff z-pinches are researched primarily as efficient sources of DD fusion neutrons. The first experiment with a deuterium gas jet was carried out in 1978 (Shiloh et al 1978 Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 515518). Since then, several D _2 gas-puff experiments have been performed on various pulsed-...

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Main Authors: D. Klir, S.L. Jackson, J. Cikhardt, B. Cikhardtova, P. Kubes, J. Malir, V. Munzar, J. Novotny, K. Rezac
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:Nuclear Fusion
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad9c96
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author D. Klir
S.L. Jackson
J. Cikhardt
B. Cikhardtova
P. Kubes
J. Malir
V. Munzar
J. Novotny
K. Rezac
author_facet D. Klir
S.L. Jackson
J. Cikhardt
B. Cikhardtova
P. Kubes
J. Malir
V. Munzar
J. Novotny
K. Rezac
author_sort D. Klir
collection DOAJ
description Deuterium gas-puff z-pinches are researched primarily as efficient sources of DD fusion neutrons. The first experiment with a deuterium gas jet was carried out in 1978 (Shiloh et al 1978 Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 515518). Since then, several D _2 gas-puff experiments have been performed on various pulsed-power generators. The highest, so far published, DD neutron yields of $4\times10^{13}$ were observed on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories around 2005 (Coverdale et al 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 022706). More recently, z-pinch experiments with a plasma-shell on a deuterium gas puff were carried out on the GIT-12 higher-impedance pulsed-power generator at 3 MA currents. On GIT-12, unique results were high neutron and ion energies, which approached 60 MeV. Comparison of deuterium gas-puff experiments on different generators allows the identification of the parameters essential for optimizing neutron production. These parameters include the optimal mass, preionization, short deuterium gas-injection time, and zippering towards a cathode. Neutron yields appear to depend not only on a current, but also on other parameters of a generator, such as an impedance and the energy stored in a capacitor bank. Our conclusions regarding the optimal conditions were tested on the Hawk generator (NRL, Washington, DC). At a current of 0.7 MA, Hawk accelerated deuterons up to 15 MeV producing one neutron pulse with the yield of the order of 10 ^10 and a broad energy spectrum in the axial and radial direction. These results show that ion acceleration mechanisms in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches could be very efficient and attractive, with a variety of potential applications in high-energy-density physics, materials science, and controlled thermonuclear fusion research.
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spelling doaj-art-65a253b2445c480fad5cf2a538a895902024-12-24T09:48:53ZengIOP PublishingNuclear Fusion0029-55152024-01-0165202601410.1088/1741-4326/ad9c96Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinchesD. Klir0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0510-3653S.L. Jackson1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-0752J. Cikhardt2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-8038B. Cikhardtova3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3636-2794P. Kubes4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-8765J. Malir5V. Munzar6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-6270J. Novotny7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-6022K. Rezac8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-2886Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicPlasma Physics Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC 20375, United States of AmericaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , 16627 Prague 6, Czech RepublicDeuterium gas-puff z-pinches are researched primarily as efficient sources of DD fusion neutrons. The first experiment with a deuterium gas jet was carried out in 1978 (Shiloh et al 1978 Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 515518). Since then, several D _2 gas-puff experiments have been performed on various pulsed-power generators. The highest, so far published, DD neutron yields of $4\times10^{13}$ were observed on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories around 2005 (Coverdale et al 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 022706). More recently, z-pinch experiments with a plasma-shell on a deuterium gas puff were carried out on the GIT-12 higher-impedance pulsed-power generator at 3 MA currents. On GIT-12, unique results were high neutron and ion energies, which approached 60 MeV. Comparison of deuterium gas-puff experiments on different generators allows the identification of the parameters essential for optimizing neutron production. These parameters include the optimal mass, preionization, short deuterium gas-injection time, and zippering towards a cathode. Neutron yields appear to depend not only on a current, but also on other parameters of a generator, such as an impedance and the energy stored in a capacitor bank. Our conclusions regarding the optimal conditions were tested on the Hawk generator (NRL, Washington, DC). At a current of 0.7 MA, Hawk accelerated deuterons up to 15 MeV producing one neutron pulse with the yield of the order of 10 ^10 and a broad energy spectrum in the axial and radial direction. These results show that ion acceleration mechanisms in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches could be very efficient and attractive, with a variety of potential applications in high-energy-density physics, materials science, and controlled thermonuclear fusion research.https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad9c96deuteriummagneto-inertial fusionneutron diagnosticsz-pinchoptimization
spellingShingle D. Klir
S.L. Jackson
J. Cikhardt
B. Cikhardtova
P. Kubes
J. Malir
V. Munzar
J. Novotny
K. Rezac
Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches
Nuclear Fusion
deuterium
magneto-inertial fusion
neutron diagnostics
z-pinch
optimization
title Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches
title_full Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches
title_fullStr Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches
title_full_unstemmed Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches
title_short Optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas-puff z-pinches
title_sort optimal conditions for efficient ion acceleration and neutron production in deuterium gas puff z pinches
topic deuterium
magneto-inertial fusion
neutron diagnostics
z-pinch
optimization
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad9c96
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