Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine Learning

Customer profiling in e-commerce is a powerful tool that enables organizations to create personalized offers through direct marketing. One crucial objective of customer profiling is to predict whether a website visitor will make a purchase, thereby generating revenue. Machine learning models are the...

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Main Authors: João A. Bastos, Maria Inês Bernardes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Information
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/10/587
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author João A. Bastos
Maria Inês Bernardes
author_facet João A. Bastos
Maria Inês Bernardes
author_sort João A. Bastos
collection DOAJ
description Customer profiling in e-commerce is a powerful tool that enables organizations to create personalized offers through direct marketing. One crucial objective of customer profiling is to predict whether a website visitor will make a purchase, thereby generating revenue. Machine learning models are the most accurate means to achieve this objective. However, the opaque nature of these models may deter companies from adopting them. Instead, they may prefer simpler models that allow for a clear understanding of the customer attributes that contribute to a purchase. In this study, we show that companies need not compromise on prediction accuracy to understand their online customers. By leveraging website data from a multinational communications service provider, we establish that the most pertinent customer attributes can be readily extracted from a black box model. Specifically, we show that the features that measure customer activity within the e-commerce platform are the most reliable predictors of conversions. Moreover, we uncover significant nonlinear relationships between customer features and the likelihood of conversion.
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spelling doaj-art-6569d7aeecf74228987896a7ae9800aa2025-08-20T02:11:04ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892024-09-01151058710.3390/info15100587Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine LearningJoão A. Bastos0Maria Inês Bernardes1Lisbon School of Economics and Management (ISEG) and REM, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, PortugalLisbon School of Economics and Management (ISEG) and REM, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, PortugalCustomer profiling in e-commerce is a powerful tool that enables organizations to create personalized offers through direct marketing. One crucial objective of customer profiling is to predict whether a website visitor will make a purchase, thereby generating revenue. Machine learning models are the most accurate means to achieve this objective. However, the opaque nature of these models may deter companies from adopting them. Instead, they may prefer simpler models that allow for a clear understanding of the customer attributes that contribute to a purchase. In this study, we show that companies need not compromise on prediction accuracy to understand their online customers. By leveraging website data from a multinational communications service provider, we establish that the most pertinent customer attributes can be readily extracted from a black box model. Specifically, we show that the features that measure customer activity within the e-commerce platform are the most reliable predictors of conversions. Moreover, we uncover significant nonlinear relationships between customer features and the likelihood of conversion.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/10/587customer profilingconversiondirect marketingexplainable artificial intelligenceSHAP valueaccumulated local effects
spellingShingle João A. Bastos
Maria Inês Bernardes
Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine Learning
Information
customer profiling
conversion
direct marketing
explainable artificial intelligence
SHAP value
accumulated local effects
title Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine Learning
title_full Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine Learning
title_fullStr Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine Learning
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine Learning
title_short Understanding Online Purchases with Explainable Machine Learning
title_sort understanding online purchases with explainable machine learning
topic customer profiling
conversion
direct marketing
explainable artificial intelligence
SHAP value
accumulated local effects
url https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/10/587
work_keys_str_mv AT joaoabastos understandingonlinepurchaseswithexplainablemachinelearning
AT mariainesbernardes understandingonlinepurchaseswithexplainablemachinelearning