Polypropylene composites with waste carbon material from the petrochemical industry

Crude oil, a natural hydrocarbon mixture, is a key energy source and the petrochemical industry’s primary feedstock. Its large-scale processing produces heavy oil fly ash (HOFA), a solid waste that demands effective management. This study explores HOFA’s valorization as a low-cost, carbon-based fill...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Joanna Szymańska, Wojciech H. Bednarek, Włodzimierz Urbaniak, Paweł Brzęk, Dominik Paukszta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2025-09-01
Series:eXPRESS Polymer Letters
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Online Access:https://www.expresspolymlett.com/article.php?a=EPL-0013316
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