Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic Study
BackgroundChronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious threat to human health, with high morbidity and mortality rates, imposing a heavy burden on the health care system and society. With the abundance of medical data and the rapid development of machine learning (ML) technologie...
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JMIR Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | JMIR Medical Informatics |
| Online Access: | https://medinform.jmir.org/2025/1/e64972 |
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| author | Qian Xu Xue Cai Ruicong Yu Yueyue Zheng Guanjie Chen Hui Sun Tianyun Gao Cuirong Xu Jing Sun |
| author_facet | Qian Xu Xue Cai Ruicong Yu Yueyue Zheng Guanjie Chen Hui Sun Tianyun Gao Cuirong Xu Jing Sun |
| author_sort | Qian Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
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BackgroundChronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious threat to human health, with high morbidity and mortality rates, imposing a heavy burden on the health care system and society. With the abundance of medical data and the rapid development of machine learning (ML) technologies, new opportunities are provided for in-depth investigation of the mechanisms of CHF and the construction of predictive models. The introduction of health ecology research methodology enables a comprehensive dissection of CHF risk factors from a wider range of environmental, social, and individual factors. This not only helps to identify high-risk groups at an early stage but also provides a scientific basis for the development of precise prevention and intervention strategies.
ObjectiveThis study aims to use ML to construct a predictive model of the risk of occurrence of CHF and analyze the risk of CHF from a health ecology perspective.
MethodsThis study sourced data from the Jackson Heart Study database. Stringent data preprocessing procedures were implemented, which included meticulous management of missing values and the standardization of data. Principal component analysis and random forest (RF) were used as feature selection techniques. Subsequently, several ML models, namely decision tree, RF, extreme gradient boosting, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), support vector machine, naive Bayes model, multilayer perceptron, and bootstrap forest, were constructed, and their performance was evaluated. The effectiveness of the models was validated through internal validation using a 10-fold cross-validation approach on the training and validation sets. In addition, the performance metrics of each model, including accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC), were compared. After selecting the best model, we used hyperparameter optimization to construct a better model.
ResultsRF-selected features (21 in total) had an average root mean square error of 0.30, outperforming principal component analysis. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Edited Nearest Neighbors showed better accuracy in data balancing. The AdaBoost model was most effective with an AUC of 0.86, accuracy of 75.30%, precision of 0.86, sensitivity of 0.69, and F1-score of 0.76. Validation on the training and validation sets through 10-fold cross-validation gave an AUC of 0.97, an accuracy of 91.27%, a precision of 0.94, a sensitivity of 0.92, and an F1-score of 0.94. After random search processing, the accuracy and AUC of AdaBoost improved. Its accuracy was 77.68% and its AUC was 0.86.
ConclusionsThis study offered insights into CHF risk prediction. Future research should focus on prospective studies, diverse data, advanced techniques, longitudinal studies, and exploring factor interactions for better CHF prevention and management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-61803035fdf34b4aa84a5b4d92af52e5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2291-9694 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
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| series | JMIR Medical Informatics |
| spelling | doaj-art-61803035fdf34b4aa84a5b4d92af52e52025-01-31T20:00:58ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Medical Informatics2291-96942025-01-0113e6497210.2196/64972Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic StudyQian Xuhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6723-1436Xue Caihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-3279Ruicong Yuhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-0183-7525Yueyue Zhenghttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-0188-3868Guanjie Chenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-6452Hui Sunhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-1350-5647Tianyun Gaohttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-6773-6878Cuirong Xuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-0533Jing Sunhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-2438 BackgroundChronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious threat to human health, with high morbidity and mortality rates, imposing a heavy burden on the health care system and society. With the abundance of medical data and the rapid development of machine learning (ML) technologies, new opportunities are provided for in-depth investigation of the mechanisms of CHF and the construction of predictive models. The introduction of health ecology research methodology enables a comprehensive dissection of CHF risk factors from a wider range of environmental, social, and individual factors. This not only helps to identify high-risk groups at an early stage but also provides a scientific basis for the development of precise prevention and intervention strategies. ObjectiveThis study aims to use ML to construct a predictive model of the risk of occurrence of CHF and analyze the risk of CHF from a health ecology perspective. MethodsThis study sourced data from the Jackson Heart Study database. Stringent data preprocessing procedures were implemented, which included meticulous management of missing values and the standardization of data. Principal component analysis and random forest (RF) were used as feature selection techniques. Subsequently, several ML models, namely decision tree, RF, extreme gradient boosting, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), support vector machine, naive Bayes model, multilayer perceptron, and bootstrap forest, were constructed, and their performance was evaluated. The effectiveness of the models was validated through internal validation using a 10-fold cross-validation approach on the training and validation sets. In addition, the performance metrics of each model, including accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC), were compared. After selecting the best model, we used hyperparameter optimization to construct a better model. ResultsRF-selected features (21 in total) had an average root mean square error of 0.30, outperforming principal component analysis. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Edited Nearest Neighbors showed better accuracy in data balancing. The AdaBoost model was most effective with an AUC of 0.86, accuracy of 75.30%, precision of 0.86, sensitivity of 0.69, and F1-score of 0.76. Validation on the training and validation sets through 10-fold cross-validation gave an AUC of 0.97, an accuracy of 91.27%, a precision of 0.94, a sensitivity of 0.92, and an F1-score of 0.94. After random search processing, the accuracy and AUC of AdaBoost improved. Its accuracy was 77.68% and its AUC was 0.86. ConclusionsThis study offered insights into CHF risk prediction. Future research should focus on prospective studies, diverse data, advanced techniques, longitudinal studies, and exploring factor interactions for better CHF prevention and management.https://medinform.jmir.org/2025/1/e64972 |
| spellingShingle | Qian Xu Xue Cai Ruicong Yu Yueyue Zheng Guanjie Chen Hui Sun Tianyun Gao Cuirong Xu Jing Sun Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic Study JMIR Medical Informatics |
| title | Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic Study |
| title_full | Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic Study |
| title_fullStr | Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic Study |
| title_short | Machine Learning–Based Risk Factor Analysis and Prediction Model Construction for the Occurrence of Chronic Heart Failure: Health Ecologic Study |
| title_sort | machine learning based risk factor analysis and prediction model construction for the occurrence of chronic heart failure health ecologic study |
| url | https://medinform.jmir.org/2025/1/e64972 |
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