H&E to IHC virtual staining methods in breast cancer: an overview and benchmarking

Abstract Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial for the clinical categorisation of breast cancer cases. Deep generative models may offer a cost-effective alternative by virtually generating IHC images from hematoxylin and eosin samples. This review explores the state-of-the-art in virtual staining fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pascal Klöckner, José Teixeira, Diana Montezuma, João Fraga, Hugo M. Horlings, Jaime S. Cardoso, Sara P. Oliveira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Digital Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01741-9
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