Therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathway

Abstract Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by the depletion or dormancy of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), leading to hair thinning and miniaturization. Reactivating the dormant HFSCs is a promising therapeutic approach. Adrenergic β2 receptor (ADRB2) activation has been show...

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Main Authors: Jiarui Zhang, Jinxing Peng, Zhexiang Fan, Hailin wang, Lihong Wen, Yong Miao, Yu Chai, Zhiqi Hu, Ruosi Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Stem Cell Research & Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04418-y
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author Jiarui Zhang
Jinxing Peng
Zhexiang Fan
Hailin wang
Lihong Wen
Yong Miao
Yu Chai
Zhiqi Hu
Ruosi Chen
author_facet Jiarui Zhang
Jinxing Peng
Zhexiang Fan
Hailin wang
Lihong Wen
Yong Miao
Yu Chai
Zhiqi Hu
Ruosi Chen
author_sort Jiarui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by the depletion or dormancy of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), leading to hair thinning and miniaturization. Reactivating the dormant HFSCs is a promising therapeutic approach. Adrenergic β2 receptor (ADRB2) activation has been shown to promote hair growth in animal models via the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway, but its potential for treating clinical AGA patients remains unexamined. Methods We investigated the role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in AGA pathogenesis, focusing on the hair follicle-sympathetic nerve axis. The ADRB2 agonist, isoproterenol (ISO), was administered to assess its effects on AGA hair follicle organ culture model and HFSC proliferation. The mechanisms underlying these effects were explored by analyzing the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway. Results Our results showed abnormal PI3K/AKT pathway expression in AGA hair follicles, with associated defects in the hair follicle-sympathetic nerve axis. ISO treatment accelerated AGA hair follicle growth and promoted the proliferation of HFSC. Mechanistically, ISO facilitated the HFSC activation by modulating the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway. Conclusions ISO effectively promotes hair growth in both animal models and AGA patients. ISO stimulating the proliferation of dormant cell population enriched in HFSC. This process was likely mediated by the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the reactivation of HFSCs and suggest that adrenergic signaling stimulation may be a promising strategy for managing hair loss.
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spelling doaj-art-617dde1c6fbb4b589f5fe9d7cd1849c62025-08-20T02:10:31ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122025-06-0116111510.1186/s13287-025-04418-yTherapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathwayJiarui Zhang0Jinxing Peng1Zhexiang Fan2Hailin wang3Lihong Wen4Yong Miao5Yu Chai6Zhiqi Hu7Ruosi Chen8Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Traumatic Orthopedics Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityAbstract Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by the depletion or dormancy of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), leading to hair thinning and miniaturization. Reactivating the dormant HFSCs is a promising therapeutic approach. Adrenergic β2 receptor (ADRB2) activation has been shown to promote hair growth in animal models via the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway, but its potential for treating clinical AGA patients remains unexamined. Methods We investigated the role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in AGA pathogenesis, focusing on the hair follicle-sympathetic nerve axis. The ADRB2 agonist, isoproterenol (ISO), was administered to assess its effects on AGA hair follicle organ culture model and HFSC proliferation. The mechanisms underlying these effects were explored by analyzing the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway. Results Our results showed abnormal PI3K/AKT pathway expression in AGA hair follicles, with associated defects in the hair follicle-sympathetic nerve axis. ISO treatment accelerated AGA hair follicle growth and promoted the proliferation of HFSC. Mechanistically, ISO facilitated the HFSC activation by modulating the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway. Conclusions ISO effectively promotes hair growth in both animal models and AGA patients. ISO stimulating the proliferation of dormant cell population enriched in HFSC. This process was likely mediated by the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the reactivation of HFSCs and suggest that adrenergic signaling stimulation may be a promising strategy for managing hair loss.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04418-yIsoproterenolHair follicle stem cellPI3K/AKT/β-catenin signalingAndrogenetic alopeciaClinical trialHair regrowth
spellingShingle Jiarui Zhang
Jinxing Peng
Zhexiang Fan
Hailin wang
Lihong Wen
Yong Miao
Yu Chai
Zhiqi Hu
Ruosi Chen
Therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathway
Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Isoproterenol
Hair follicle stem cell
PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling
Androgenetic alopecia
Clinical trial
Hair regrowth
title Therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathway
title_full Therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathway
title_fullStr Therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathway
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathway
title_short Therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia: activation of hair follicle stem cells via the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin signaling pathway
title_sort therapeutic potential of isoproterenol in androgenetic alopecia activation of hair follicle stem cells via the pi3k akt β catenin signaling pathway
topic Isoproterenol
Hair follicle stem cell
PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling
Androgenetic alopecia
Clinical trial
Hair regrowth
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04418-y
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