Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring
This paper presents a flexible electrotextile-based solid skin-equivalent phantom operating in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. The phantom reproduces the reflection coefficient at the air/skin interface in the 55–65 GHz band. It is composed of a layer of carbon powder mixed with silicone...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10807461/ |
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| author | Rossella Rizzo Giuseppe Ruello R. Massa Maxim Zhadobov Giulia Sacco |
| author_facet | Rossella Rizzo Giuseppe Ruello R. Massa Maxim Zhadobov Giulia Sacco |
| author_sort | Rossella Rizzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a flexible electrotextile-based solid skin-equivalent phantom operating in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. The phantom reproduces the reflection coefficient at the air/skin interface in the 55–65 GHz band. It is composed of a layer of carbon powder mixed with silicone and backed with an electrotextile. Its thickness is optimized to approach the target reflection coefficient of the human skin. For the angles of incidence from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0 ^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$60 ^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> the maximum relative error in respect to the target value is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$13\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the phase when considering impinging transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized plane wave. To experimentally validate the phantom, its scattering properties are measured in the 55–65 GHz range using a free-space transmission/reflection system. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is demonstrated, exhibiting a relative error within <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.9 \%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude of the reflection coefficient in the 55–65 GHz range at normal incidence. Such phantoms may be used in a wide range of body-centric mmW applications, including remote sensing and medical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-61398496fdfd4f59b75f117507cded18 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2692-8388 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| spelling | doaj-art-61398496fdfd4f59b75f117507cded182025-01-15T00:04:05ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Microwaves2692-83882025-01-0151233310.1109/JMW.2024.350484610807461Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote MonitoringRossella Rizzo0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1718-1498Giuseppe Ruello1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0322-0880R. Massa2Maxim Zhadobov3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-110XGiulia Sacco4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3663-9784Univ Rennes, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, Nantes Université, IETR UMR 6164, Rennes, FranceDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Physics E. Pancini, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, ItalyUniv Rennes, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, Nantes Université, IETR UMR 6164, Rennes, FranceUniv Rennes, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, Nantes Université, IETR UMR 6164, Rennes, FranceThis paper presents a flexible electrotextile-based solid skin-equivalent phantom operating in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. The phantom reproduces the reflection coefficient at the air/skin interface in the 55–65 GHz band. It is composed of a layer of carbon powder mixed with silicone and backed with an electrotextile. Its thickness is optimized to approach the target reflection coefficient of the human skin. For the angles of incidence from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0 ^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$60 ^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> the maximum relative error in respect to the target value is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$13\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the phase when considering impinging transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized plane wave. To experimentally validate the phantom, its scattering properties are measured in the 55–65 GHz range using a free-space transmission/reflection system. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is demonstrated, exhibiting a relative error within <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.9 \%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the magnitude of the reflection coefficient in the 55–65 GHz range at normal incidence. Such phantoms may be used in a wide range of body-centric mmW applications, including remote sensing and medical applications.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10807461/Millimeter-wave (mmW)solid flexible phantomelectrotextile |
| spellingShingle | Rossella Rizzo Giuseppe Ruello R. Massa Maxim Zhadobov Giulia Sacco Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring IEEE Journal of Microwaves Millimeter-wave (mmW) solid flexible phantom electrotextile |
| title | Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring |
| title_full | Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring |
| title_short | Electrotextile-Based Flexible Electromagnetic Skin for Wearables and Remote Monitoring |
| title_sort | electrotextile based flexible electromagnetic skin for wearables and remote monitoring |
| topic | Millimeter-wave (mmW) solid flexible phantom electrotextile |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10807461/ |
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