Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry detection of Wolbachia in adult Dirofilaria immitis from dogs treated with doxycycline and ivermectin

Abstract Background Wolbachia is present in all life stages of Dirofilaria immitis. Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) can be highly immunogenic and induce acute inflammatory reactions in the host upon worm death. To avoid the abrupt release of Wolbachia and its antigens from deceased parasites, the Am...

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Main Authors: Yi Chu, Kaori Sakamoto, Christopher C. Evans, Michael T. Dzimianski, Crystal Fricks, Abdelmoneim Mansour, Utami DiCosty, Scott McCall, John W. McCall, C. Thomas Nelson, Andrew R. Moorhead
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Parasites & Vectors
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06720-3
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