Heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu): a systematic review of the literature

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of undetermined etiology (CKDu) is an important public health problem. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and the diagnostic approach varies widely across geographies. We aimed to systematically examine criteria used to diagnose CKDu in published literatu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Soumita Bagchi, Luis Prieto, Dorothea Nitsch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04258-1
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