Neurobiology of Dystonia: Review of Genetics, Animal Models, and Neuroimaging

Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of dystonia. The number of identified genes has surged—exceeding 400 by 2024—with approximately 76.6% linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite this, the genetic diagnostic yield remains modest (12–36...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jamir Pitton Rissardo, Andrew McGarry, Yiwen Shi, Ana Leticia Fornari Caprara, Ian M. Walker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Brain Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/7/767
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