Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles
Abstract The spent black tea extract was utilized in order to synthesize the spent black tea silver nanoparticles (SBT-AgNPs). Various parameters were tested to yield the best production of SBT-AgNPs. The characterization was conducted by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potenti...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Sikander Ali Huma Ijaz Muhammad Usman Ahmad Rukhma Najeeb Ullah Abid Sarwar Muhammad Jalal Khan Tariq Aziz Ashwag shami Fahad Al-Asmari |
| author_facet | Sikander Ali Huma Ijaz Muhammad Usman Ahmad Rukhma Najeeb Ullah Abid Sarwar Muhammad Jalal Khan Tariq Aziz Ashwag shami Fahad Al-Asmari |
| author_sort | Sikander Ali |
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| description | Abstract The spent black tea extract was utilized in order to synthesize the spent black tea silver nanoparticles (SBT-AgNPs). Various parameters were tested to yield the best production of SBT-AgNPs. The characterization was conducted by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The XRD analysis showed hkl planes corresponding to (111), (200), (220), (311) planes at 2θ theta deg 38.3°, 40.8°, 64.5°, and 74.2°. The scanning electron microscopy reported the plate like round shaped morphology of the AgNPs. The zeta potential was examined to be -17.5 mV and a size distribution by intensity of 157.6 d. nm was observed. The EDX was employed to determine the purity of samples by reporting a strong peak of silver (Ag). The degradation activity was examined by photocatalytic removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from textile wastewater. The textile wastewater showed a decrease of methylene blue by 25% and 58.3%. The malachite green was also reduced by 33.3% and 60%, which was remarkably significant owing to the presence of the complex factor in the natural environment. The study sets a promising record to harbor the full potential of available food waste resource, such as spent black tea to form SBT-AgNPs and its application in the dye removal from textile waste. The multifaceted outcomes of this study resulted in an eco-friendly procedure, thereby reusing the waste material for environmental cleanup. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5ecebf63fde24a8781c91521023e9e4c2025-01-19T12:20:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-85894-3Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticlesSikander Ali0Huma Ijaz1Muhammad Usman Ahmad2Rukhma3Najeeb Ullah4Abid Sarwar5Muhammad Jalal Khan6Tariq Aziz7Ashwag shami8Fahad Al-Asmari9Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University LahoreDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University LahoreDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University LahoreDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University LahoreFood and Biotechnology Research Center, PCSIR Labs Complex LahoreFood and Biotechnology Research Center, PCSIR Labs Complex LahoreBeijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business, UniversityBeijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business, UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityDepartment of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal UniversityAbstract The spent black tea extract was utilized in order to synthesize the spent black tea silver nanoparticles (SBT-AgNPs). Various parameters were tested to yield the best production of SBT-AgNPs. The characterization was conducted by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The XRD analysis showed hkl planes corresponding to (111), (200), (220), (311) planes at 2θ theta deg 38.3°, 40.8°, 64.5°, and 74.2°. The scanning electron microscopy reported the plate like round shaped morphology of the AgNPs. The zeta potential was examined to be -17.5 mV and a size distribution by intensity of 157.6 d. nm was observed. The EDX was employed to determine the purity of samples by reporting a strong peak of silver (Ag). The degradation activity was examined by photocatalytic removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from textile wastewater. The textile wastewater showed a decrease of methylene blue by 25% and 58.3%. The malachite green was also reduced by 33.3% and 60%, which was remarkably significant owing to the presence of the complex factor in the natural environment. The study sets a promising record to harbor the full potential of available food waste resource, such as spent black tea to form SBT-AgNPs and its application in the dye removal from textile waste. The multifaceted outcomes of this study resulted in an eco-friendly procedure, thereby reusing the waste material for environmental cleanup.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85894-3Silver nanoparticlesSpent black teaMethylene BlueMalachite Green Photocatalytic Degradation |
| spellingShingle | Sikander Ali Huma Ijaz Muhammad Usman Ahmad Rukhma Najeeb Ullah Abid Sarwar Muhammad Jalal Khan Tariq Aziz Ashwag shami Fahad Al-Asmari Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles Scientific Reports Silver nanoparticles Spent black tea Methylene Blue Malachite Green Photocatalytic Degradation |
| title | Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles |
| title_full | Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles |
| title_short | Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles |
| title_sort | photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract coated silver nanoparticles |
| topic | Silver nanoparticles Spent black tea Methylene Blue Malachite Green Photocatalytic Degradation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85894-3 |
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