The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier.
Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer that can be caused by DNA replication stress. Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of genomic instability that has been associated with both tumorigenesis and drug resistance, but how these structural variants form in response to replication stress is not...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-05-01
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| Series: | PLoS Genetics |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011720 |
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| author | Marina K Triplett Iffat Ahmed Swathi Shekharan Lorraine S Symington |
| author_facet | Marina K Triplett Iffat Ahmed Swathi Shekharan Lorraine S Symington |
| author_sort | Marina K Triplett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer that can be caused by DNA replication stress. Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of genomic instability that has been associated with both tumorigenesis and drug resistance, but how these structural variants form in response to replication stress is not fully understood. Here, we established a direct repeat genetic reporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to detect recombination events that result in either a duplication or a deletion. Using this system, we measured recombination resulting from site-specific replication fork stalling initiated by Tus binding to an array of Ter sites. We found that a Tus/Ter fork block downstream of direct repeats induced CNV by a mechanism involving the Mph1 translocase, Exo1-catalyzed end resection and Rad51-dependent strand invasion. While the Slx4 scaffold protein and its nuclease-binding partner, Rad1-Rad10, were shown to be required for duplications, we found that they suppress deletion formation in this context. These opposing functions suggest that both recombination products arise through a large loop heteroduplex intermediate that is cleaved by Rad1-Rad10 in a manner that promotes duplications and eliminates deletions. Taken together, these studies give insight into the mechanisms governing CNV in the context of replication fork stalling, which may ultimately provide a better understanding of how replication stress contributes to cancer and other diseases characterized by genome instability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5e676479ee39411aa00182ea1d63be66 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1553-7390 1553-7404 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS Genetics |
| spelling | doaj-art-5e676479ee39411aa00182ea1d63be662025-08-20T02:39:44ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042025-05-01215e101172010.1371/journal.pgen.1011720The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier.Marina K TriplettIffat AhmedSwathi ShekharanLorraine S SymingtonGenome instability is a hallmark of cancer that can be caused by DNA replication stress. Copy number variation (CNV) is a type of genomic instability that has been associated with both tumorigenesis and drug resistance, but how these structural variants form in response to replication stress is not fully understood. Here, we established a direct repeat genetic reporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to detect recombination events that result in either a duplication or a deletion. Using this system, we measured recombination resulting from site-specific replication fork stalling initiated by Tus binding to an array of Ter sites. We found that a Tus/Ter fork block downstream of direct repeats induced CNV by a mechanism involving the Mph1 translocase, Exo1-catalyzed end resection and Rad51-dependent strand invasion. While the Slx4 scaffold protein and its nuclease-binding partner, Rad1-Rad10, were shown to be required for duplications, we found that they suppress deletion formation in this context. These opposing functions suggest that both recombination products arise through a large loop heteroduplex intermediate that is cleaved by Rad1-Rad10 in a manner that promotes duplications and eliminates deletions. Taken together, these studies give insight into the mechanisms governing CNV in the context of replication fork stalling, which may ultimately provide a better understanding of how replication stress contributes to cancer and other diseases characterized by genome instability.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011720 |
| spellingShingle | Marina K Triplett Iffat Ahmed Swathi Shekharan Lorraine S Symington The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier. PLoS Genetics |
| title | The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier. |
| title_full | The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier. |
| title_fullStr | The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier. |
| title_short | The Slx4-Rad1-Rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier. |
| title_sort | slx4 rad1 rad10 nuclease differentially regulates deletions and duplications induced by a replication fork barrier |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011720 |
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