Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settings

Abstract We discuss opportunities to integrate STEM across both formal and informal settings. Our reflections begin with looking back to Making Science Matter: Collaborations Between Informal Science Education Organizations and Schools, an influential report published by the Center for Advancement o...

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Main Authors: Justin Dillon, Victoria Wong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of STEM Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-025-00552-4
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author Justin Dillon
Victoria Wong
author_facet Justin Dillon
Victoria Wong
author_sort Justin Dillon
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We discuss opportunities to integrate STEM across both formal and informal settings. Our reflections begin with looking back to Making Science Matter: Collaborations Between Informal Science Education Organizations and Schools, an influential report published by the Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE) in 2010. We expand the arguments in that report to address integrating STEM education in formal and informal education particularly in the light of the growth of interest in teaching about ‘wicked problems’. We discuss several issues that we believe need to be taken into account in developing closer formal/informal collaboration, and trace how they have emerged since the term STEM was first used in the 1960s. We conclude that a significant challenge, that is often overlooked, is that the term STEM has several different meanings and that institutions in formal and informal settings may have different outcomes in mind when collaborating with each other. The implications are that discussing the meaning and purpose of STEM are an essential first step in any collaboration between formal and informal institutions.
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spelling doaj-art-5de15ef5dc67436ab6810f68cc98f9802025-08-20T03:04:07ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of STEM Education2196-78222025-07-011211710.1186/s40594-025-00552-4Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settingsJustin Dillon0Victoria Wong1IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education & Society, University College LondonSchool of Education, University of ExeterAbstract We discuss opportunities to integrate STEM across both formal and informal settings. Our reflections begin with looking back to Making Science Matter: Collaborations Between Informal Science Education Organizations and Schools, an influential report published by the Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE) in 2010. We expand the arguments in that report to address integrating STEM education in formal and informal education particularly in the light of the growth of interest in teaching about ‘wicked problems’. We discuss several issues that we believe need to be taken into account in developing closer formal/informal collaboration, and trace how they have emerged since the term STEM was first used in the 1960s. We conclude that a significant challenge, that is often overlooked, is that the term STEM has several different meanings and that institutions in formal and informal settings may have different outcomes in mind when collaborating with each other. The implications are that discussing the meaning and purpose of STEM are an essential first step in any collaboration between formal and informal institutions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-025-00552-4STEMIntegrationFormal and informal STEM education
spellingShingle Justin Dillon
Victoria Wong
Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settings
International Journal of STEM Education
STEM
Integration
Formal and informal STEM education
title Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settings
title_full Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settings
title_fullStr Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settings
title_full_unstemmed Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settings
title_short Learning from the past; thinking for the future: reflections on STEM and its integration in formal and informal settings
title_sort learning from the past thinking for the future reflections on stem and its integration in formal and informal settings
topic STEM
Integration
Formal and informal STEM education
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-025-00552-4
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