Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand
Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, heterologous vaccination strategies were employed to alleviate the strain on vaccine supplies. The Thailand Ministry of Health adopted these strategies using vector, inactivated, and mRNA vaccines. However, this approach has introduced challenges for SARS-CoV-2...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84392-2 |
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| author | Daniel Ward Lapasrada Pattarapreeyakul Rujiraporn Pitaksalee Naphatcha Thawong Waritta Sawaengdee Suthida Tuntigumthon Catriona Patterson Kevin Tetteh Susana Campino Panadda Dhepakson Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Taane G. Clark |
| author_facet | Daniel Ward Lapasrada Pattarapreeyakul Rujiraporn Pitaksalee Naphatcha Thawong Waritta Sawaengdee Suthida Tuntigumthon Catriona Patterson Kevin Tetteh Susana Campino Panadda Dhepakson Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Taane G. Clark |
| author_sort | Daniel Ward |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, heterologous vaccination strategies were employed to alleviate the strain on vaccine supplies. The Thailand Ministry of Health adopted these strategies using vector, inactivated, and mRNA vaccines. However, this approach has introduced challenges for SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiology studies. Our study analysed 647 samples from healthcare workers who received CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BNT162b2 vaccines. The serological profile encompassed responses to various SARS-CoV-2 variants and vectors, measuring IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes, alongside IgG avidity assays. The results demonstrated that heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 schedules elicited significantly stronger antibody responses compared to homologous schedules (IgG: 1.2-fold, IgM: 10.9-fold, IgA: 3.1-fold increase). Additionally, a heterologous BNT162b2 boost at 4-weeks post-initial vaccination showed greater antibody levels than a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 boost (IgG: 1.1-fold, IgM: slight decrease, IgA: 1.5-fold increase). Using a combination of three analytes, IgG against wild-type Spike trimer, nucleoprotein and Omicron receptor binding domains, enabled the clustering of responses within a statistical Gaussian mixture model that successfully discriminates between breakthrough infections and vaccination types (F-score = 0.82). The development of statistical models to predict breakthrough infections can improve serological surveillance. Overall, our study underscores the necessity for vaccine (re-)development and the creation of serological tools to monitor vaccine performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5cf04c3777204ea0af0e7e2d45a41923 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-5cf04c3777204ea0af0e7e2d45a419232025-01-12T12:18:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111410.1038/s41598-024-84392-2Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in ThailandDaniel Ward0Lapasrada Pattarapreeyakul1Rujiraporn Pitaksalee2Naphatcha Thawong3Waritta Sawaengdee4Suthida Tuntigumthon5Catriona Patterson6Kevin Tetteh7Susana Campino8Panadda Dhepakson9Surakameth Mahasirimongkol10Taane G. Clark11Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public HealthDepartment of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public HealthDepartment of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public HealthDepartment of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public HealthDepartment of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public HealthFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public HealthDepartment of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Ministry of Public HealthFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, heterologous vaccination strategies were employed to alleviate the strain on vaccine supplies. The Thailand Ministry of Health adopted these strategies using vector, inactivated, and mRNA vaccines. However, this approach has introduced challenges for SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiology studies. Our study analysed 647 samples from healthcare workers who received CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BNT162b2 vaccines. The serological profile encompassed responses to various SARS-CoV-2 variants and vectors, measuring IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes, alongside IgG avidity assays. The results demonstrated that heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 schedules elicited significantly stronger antibody responses compared to homologous schedules (IgG: 1.2-fold, IgM: 10.9-fold, IgA: 3.1-fold increase). Additionally, a heterologous BNT162b2 boost at 4-weeks post-initial vaccination showed greater antibody levels than a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 boost (IgG: 1.1-fold, IgM: slight decrease, IgA: 1.5-fold increase). Using a combination of three analytes, IgG against wild-type Spike trimer, nucleoprotein and Omicron receptor binding domains, enabled the clustering of responses within a statistical Gaussian mixture model that successfully discriminates between breakthrough infections and vaccination types (F-score = 0.82). The development of statistical models to predict breakthrough infections can improve serological surveillance. Overall, our study underscores the necessity for vaccine (re-)development and the creation of serological tools to monitor vaccine performance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84392-2SARS-CoV-2COVID-19VaccineAntibody |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Ward Lapasrada Pattarapreeyakul Rujiraporn Pitaksalee Naphatcha Thawong Waritta Sawaengdee Suthida Tuntigumthon Catriona Patterson Kevin Tetteh Susana Campino Panadda Dhepakson Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Taane G. Clark Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand Scientific Reports SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody |
| title | Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand |
| title_full | Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand |
| title_short | Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand |
| title_sort | serological insights from sars cov 2 heterologous prime and boost responses in thailand |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84392-2 |
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