El Niño and La Niña differentially drive transmission dynamics of the small ruminant parasite Haemonchus contortus across agroecological zones in Southern Africa

Abstract The El Niño La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a significant influence on agroecological environments and plays a crucial role in influencing crop productivity, yet its impact on animal diseases has been largely overlooked, despite the evident impact of climate on disease transmissi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jonathan Henry Ian Tinsley, Eric Rene Morgan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03156-8
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