Impact of grain configuration and doping modulation on the thermal electron emission properties and mechanical properties of hafnium cathode

As an indispensable cathode material for plasma torches, hafnium (Hf) materials frequently exhibit inadequate hot cathode emission current density and operational lifespan, severely restricting their use in applications. Governing principles of thermal emission characteristics of Hf cathodes are not...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liyu Hao, Xing Liu, Shangkun Shen, Shuangle Zhang, Mingyou Niu, Xuanpu Zhang, Rong Yan, Xuesong Leng, Engang Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525005477
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