Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
ABSTRACT Background There is limited knowledge of urine analytes in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. Objectives To study markers in urine and fractional excretion (FE) of markers in dogs of different stages of CKD and a healthy control group (C). Animals Fifty dogs in variou...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70090 |
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| author | Anna K. Selin Inger Lilliehöök Emma M. Strage Anders Larsson Lena Pelander |
| author_facet | Anna K. Selin Inger Lilliehöök Emma M. Strage Anders Larsson Lena Pelander |
| author_sort | Anna K. Selin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background There is limited knowledge of urine analytes in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. Objectives To study markers in urine and fractional excretion (FE) of markers in dogs of different stages of CKD and a healthy control group (C). Animals Fifty dogs in various stages of CKD and a control group of 30 healthy dogs. Methods In this cross‐sectional observational study, dogs presenting to a referral hospital and given a diagnosis of CKD using standard methods, and healthy dogs, were included. Urinary cystatin C (uCysC), glucose (uGlu), protein (uProt), creatinine (uCr), urea (uUrea), sodium (uNa), potassium (uK), chloride (uCl), calcium (uCa), and phosphate (uP) were measured with an automated chemistry analyzer. Included analytes were normalized to uCr, FE of electrolytes and urea was calculated, and results compared among groups. Results Age, bodyweight, and sex were not different among groups. Urinary CysC/uCr and FE of electrolytes increased with IRIS stage. Median (IQR) for uCysC/uCr was 0.08 (0.04–0.25) 10−3 in dogs with CKD stage 1 and 0.03 (0.02–0.045) 10−3 in control dogs (p = 0.0002). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Urinary CysC might be a potential marker of early CKD, preferably as part of a panel of urinary markers. FE of electrolytes seemed to depend on the serum creatinine level in dogs with azotemic CKD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5b2f5c3a2b66495a8852c2c3af23d620 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-5b2f5c3a2b66495a8852c2c3af23d6202025-08-20T03:54:11ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-05-01393n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70090Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney DiseaseAnna K. Selin0Inger Lilliehöök1Emma M. Strage2Anders Larsson3Lena Pelander4Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala SwedenDepartment of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Uppsala University Uppsala SwedenDepartment of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala SwedenABSTRACT Background There is limited knowledge of urine analytes in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. Objectives To study markers in urine and fractional excretion (FE) of markers in dogs of different stages of CKD and a healthy control group (C). Animals Fifty dogs in various stages of CKD and a control group of 30 healthy dogs. Methods In this cross‐sectional observational study, dogs presenting to a referral hospital and given a diagnosis of CKD using standard methods, and healthy dogs, were included. Urinary cystatin C (uCysC), glucose (uGlu), protein (uProt), creatinine (uCr), urea (uUrea), sodium (uNa), potassium (uK), chloride (uCl), calcium (uCa), and phosphate (uP) were measured with an automated chemistry analyzer. Included analytes were normalized to uCr, FE of electrolytes and urea was calculated, and results compared among groups. Results Age, bodyweight, and sex were not different among groups. Urinary CysC/uCr and FE of electrolytes increased with IRIS stage. Median (IQR) for uCysC/uCr was 0.08 (0.04–0.25) 10−3 in dogs with CKD stage 1 and 0.03 (0.02–0.045) 10−3 in control dogs (p = 0.0002). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Urinary CysC might be a potential marker of early CKD, preferably as part of a panel of urinary markers. FE of electrolytes seemed to depend on the serum creatinine level in dogs with azotemic CKD.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70090biomarkercanineCKDproximal tubulesrenalveterinary |
| spellingShingle | Anna K. Selin Inger Lilliehöök Emma M. Strage Anders Larsson Lena Pelander Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine biomarker canine CKD proximal tubules renal veterinary |
| title | Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full | Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_fullStr | Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_short | Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_sort | urinary cystatin c glucose urea and electrolytes in dogs at various stages of chronic kidney disease |
| topic | biomarker canine CKD proximal tubules renal veterinary |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70090 |
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