Effects of open-label placebos across populations and outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract This work synthesizes and updates findings from previous systematic-reviews and meta-analyses on open-label placebos (OLPs). For the first time, it directly tests whether OLPs differ in effects between clinical and non-clinical samples, and between self-report and objective outcomes. We sea...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Johannes C. Fendel, Carl Tiersch, Paul Sölder, Jens Gaab, Stefan Schmidt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14895-z
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