Engineered nanomaterials for overcoming multifaceted gastrointestinal barriers: Toward precision oral delivery of therapeutics

Oral administration remains the preferred route for therapeutics due to its non-invasiveness and high patient compliance. However, its application for biologics (e.g., peptides, proteins, nucleic acids) and some small-molecule drugs is severely constrained by multifaceted gastrointestinal (GI) barri...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuxin Liu, Chengfei Liu, Dongyu An, Shiming Deng, Guijin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Pharmacological Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661825002695
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