The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening

Abstract Background Aseptic prosthesis loosening caused by wear particles is a major complication in patients with osteoarthritis following total joint replacement. Despite advancements in treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and effective therapies are still lacking. Metho...

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Main Authors: Ping Chen, Hao-Hui Guo, Long Wu, Shuai Zhang, Qun-Hua Jin, Ke-Ning Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02452-3
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author Ping Chen
Hao-Hui Guo
Long Wu
Shuai Zhang
Qun-Hua Jin
Ke-Ning Sun
author_facet Ping Chen
Hao-Hui Guo
Long Wu
Shuai Zhang
Qun-Hua Jin
Ke-Ning Sun
author_sort Ping Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Aseptic prosthesis loosening caused by wear particles is a major complication in patients with osteoarthritis following total joint replacement. Despite advancements in treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and effective therapies are still lacking. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of titanium particles on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results Our findings revealed that titanium particles not only promote the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts and enhance the secretion of inflammatory factors but also inhibit the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts and reduce the expression of Wnt signaling pathway-related factors. Furthermore, using a mouse model of knee prosthesis loosening and AAV-mediated gene therapy, we demonstrated that the combination of TNF-α interference and Wnt3a overexpression was more effective than single-gene therapy in reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, promoting bone formation, and mitigating bone destruction. Conclusions These results highlight the dual role of titanium particles in periprosthetic osteolysis and underscore the potential of a gene therapy strategy targeting both inflammatory factors and the Wnt signaling pathway to improve knee prosthesis loosening. This study provides a scientific foundation for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2047-783X
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher BMC
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series European Journal of Medical Research
spelling doaj-art-5a94b194057b4c28aa124ccc2c46f8f62025-08-20T03:41:12ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2025-03-013011910.1186/s40001-025-02452-3The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis looseningPing Chen0Hao-Hui Guo1Long Wu2Shuai Zhang3Qun-Hua Jin4Ke-Ning Sun5Medical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityOrthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityOrthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityOrthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityOrthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityOrthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityAbstract Background Aseptic prosthesis loosening caused by wear particles is a major complication in patients with osteoarthritis following total joint replacement. Despite advancements in treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and effective therapies are still lacking. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of titanium particles on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results Our findings revealed that titanium particles not only promote the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts and enhance the secretion of inflammatory factors but also inhibit the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts and reduce the expression of Wnt signaling pathway-related factors. Furthermore, using a mouse model of knee prosthesis loosening and AAV-mediated gene therapy, we demonstrated that the combination of TNF-α interference and Wnt3a overexpression was more effective than single-gene therapy in reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, promoting bone formation, and mitigating bone destruction. Conclusions These results highlight the dual role of titanium particles in periprosthetic osteolysis and underscore the potential of a gene therapy strategy targeting both inflammatory factors and the Wnt signaling pathway to improve knee prosthesis loosening. This study provides a scientific foundation for developing novel therapeutic approaches.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02452-3Aseptic prosthesis looseningTitanium particlesOsteolysisGene therapyTNF-αWnt3a
spellingShingle Ping Chen
Hao-Hui Guo
Long Wu
Shuai Zhang
Qun-Hua Jin
Ke-Ning Sun
The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening
European Journal of Medical Research
Aseptic prosthesis loosening
Titanium particles
Osteolysis
Gene therapy
TNF-α
Wnt3a
title The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening
title_full The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening
title_fullStr The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening
title_full_unstemmed The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening
title_short The dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis: implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening
title_sort dual role of titanium particles in osteolysis implications for gene therapy in prosthesis loosening
topic Aseptic prosthesis loosening
Titanium particles
Osteolysis
Gene therapy
TNF-α
Wnt3a
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02452-3
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