Environmental enrichment with nylon gnaw sticks introduces variation in Sprague Dawley rat immune and lower gastrointestinal parameters with differences between sexes

Environmental enrichment with nylon gnaw sticks introduces variation in Sprague Dawley rat immune and lower gastrointestinal parameters with differences between sexes

Abstract Background Environmental enrichment (EE) is commonly included as an important component of animal housing to promote well being of laboratory animals; however, much remains to be learned about the impact of chewable forms of EE on experimental outcomes in the context of nutritional and micr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mark Wulczynski, Stephen P. J. Brooks, Judy Green, Fernando Matias, Martin Kalmokoff, Julia M. Green-Johnson, Sandra T. Clarke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:Animal Microbiome
Subjects:
Gnaw sticks
Environmental enrichment
Rat
Gut microbiome
Cytokines
Nutrition
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00369-6
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00369-6

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