Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Hypoxia is an unfavorable environmental condition that produces diverse negative effects in fish. High-density cultures of Epinephelus coioides are more likely to experience hypoxic conditions than those in natural environments. To assess the effects of hypoxia on E. coioides, we examined the relate...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1495068/full |
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| author | Yuxin Wu Yiran Lin Bing Lin Yukun Huang Zhide Yu Yonghao Ma Yuwei Feng Qiaoyi Chen Along Gao Hu Shu |
| author_facet | Yuxin Wu Yiran Lin Bing Lin Yukun Huang Zhide Yu Yonghao Ma Yuwei Feng Qiaoyi Chen Along Gao Hu Shu |
| author_sort | Yuxin Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypoxia is an unfavorable environmental condition that produces diverse negative effects in fish. High-density cultures of Epinephelus coioides are more likely to experience hypoxic conditions than those in natural environments. To assess the effects of hypoxia on E. coioides, we examined the related enzyme activities and gene expression after 48 h of hypoxia and 24 h of dissolved oxygen (DO) recovery. Under hypoxic stress (DO: 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/L), the energy supply mode of fish changed from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism, and the serum glucose content and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly upregulated. Total protein, hepatic glycogen, and two key regulatory enzymes (i.e., hexokinase and pyruvate kinase) were differentially expressed in the liver, and mRNA expression of three genes (i.e., LDHA, GLUT1, and MCT2) also showed a high expression trend. In serum, three immune-related enzymes (i.e., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were found to be involved in regulation by hypoxia and showed different levels of changing patterns. Expression of inflammatory genes (i.e., IL-8, IFNγ, MyD88, and NF-kB) were significantly regulated in liver. With prolongation of hypoxic stress, high expression of apoptotic genes (i.e., p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9) was closely related to the degree of apoptosis in the liver. Our investigation of the changes in energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis of E. coioides under hypoxia and reoxygenation (DO, 6.0 ± 0.1 mg/L) provides a theoretical bases for healthy aquaculture and selection of varieties with tolerance to hypoxia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5a4688e1244c4612afad51639b98a46d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a4688e1244c4612afad51639b98a46d2024-12-13T04:17:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-12-011110.3389/fmars.2024.14950681495068Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)Yuxin Wu0Yiran Lin1Bing Lin2Yukun Huang3Zhide Yu4Yonghao Ma5Yuwei Feng6Qiaoyi Chen7Along Gao8Hu Shu9School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaHypoxia is an unfavorable environmental condition that produces diverse negative effects in fish. High-density cultures of Epinephelus coioides are more likely to experience hypoxic conditions than those in natural environments. To assess the effects of hypoxia on E. coioides, we examined the related enzyme activities and gene expression after 48 h of hypoxia and 24 h of dissolved oxygen (DO) recovery. Under hypoxic stress (DO: 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/L), the energy supply mode of fish changed from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism, and the serum glucose content and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly upregulated. Total protein, hepatic glycogen, and two key regulatory enzymes (i.e., hexokinase and pyruvate kinase) were differentially expressed in the liver, and mRNA expression of three genes (i.e., LDHA, GLUT1, and MCT2) also showed a high expression trend. In serum, three immune-related enzymes (i.e., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were found to be involved in regulation by hypoxia and showed different levels of changing patterns. Expression of inflammatory genes (i.e., IL-8, IFNγ, MyD88, and NF-kB) were significantly regulated in liver. With prolongation of hypoxic stress, high expression of apoptotic genes (i.e., p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9) was closely related to the degree of apoptosis in the liver. Our investigation of the changes in energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis of E. coioides under hypoxia and reoxygenation (DO, 6.0 ± 0.1 mg/L) provides a theoretical bases for healthy aquaculture and selection of varieties with tolerance to hypoxia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1495068/fullEpinephelus coioideshypoxiareoxygenationenergy metabolismimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Yuxin Wu Yiran Lin Bing Lin Yukun Huang Zhide Yu Yonghao Ma Yuwei Feng Qiaoyi Chen Along Gao Hu Shu Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) Frontiers in Marine Science Epinephelus coioides hypoxia reoxygenation energy metabolism immune response |
| title | Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) |
| title_full | Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) |
| title_short | Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) |
| title_sort | effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism immune response and apoptosis in orange spotted grouper epinephelus coioides |
| topic | Epinephelus coioides hypoxia reoxygenation energy metabolism immune response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1495068/full |
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