Solid-phase synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel pyridinium bromides
Abstract A series of amide-based mono and dimeric pyridinium bromides were synthesized using conventional and microwave-assisted solvent-free methods. The quaternization reactions of m-xylene dibromide and 4-nitrobenzylbromide with amide-based substituted pyridine proceeded efficiently, whereas 1,6-...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92672-8 |
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| Summary: | Abstract A series of amide-based mono and dimeric pyridinium bromides were synthesized using conventional and microwave-assisted solvent-free methods. The quaternization reactions of m-xylene dibromide and 4-nitrobenzylbromide with amide-based substituted pyridine proceeded efficiently, whereas 1,6-dibromohexane required reflux conditions. A comparative analysis of the solvent-free microwave-assisted reactions revealed a significant reduction in reaction time (up to 20-fold) and increased yields, accompanied by simplified work-up procedures. Notably, these reactions exhibited 100% atom economy and generated no environmental waste. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were assessed using the MTT assay, nuclear staining, and Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on the lung cancer cell line (A-549).Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the interaction and binding of B-Raf kinase inhibitors with the amide-based mono and dimeric pyridinium bromides. Furthermore, the toxicity of the drug molecules was assessed using the BOILED-Egg plot at the central nervous system. |
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| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |