Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis Approach

This study examines the dynamic, nonlinear interactions among foreign direct investment, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions in 27 countries from 1971 to 2021 using a panel threshold vector autoregression (PT-VAR) model. Key findings include: (a) FDI contribut...

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Main Author: Jing Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:SAGE Open
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251343957
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author Jing Zhao
author_facet Jing Zhao
author_sort Jing Zhao
collection DOAJ
description This study examines the dynamic, nonlinear interactions among foreign direct investment, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions in 27 countries from 1971 to 2021 using a panel threshold vector autoregression (PT-VAR) model. Key findings include: (a) FDI contributes to emission reduction only when GDP growth exceeds a certain threshold. (b) Renewable energy consumption’s impact on reducing carbon emissions is significant only in the long term and depends on the level of economic growth. (c) In countries with high FDI, economic growth aids in reducing CO 2 emissions both in the short and long term. In contrast, in low FDI countries, economic growth initially leads to environmental degradation, which lessens as the economy matures. (d) An N-shaped relationship exists between FDI and CO 2 emissions in countries with higher renewable energy use in the short to medium term. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between these variables and offer policy insights for sustainable development and climate change mitigation. JEL classifications: C33; F21; O44; Q54
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2158-2440
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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record_format Article
series SAGE Open
spelling doaj-art-59eea6551b4c4eafa45e742c10b82b902025-08-20T03:31:12ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open2158-24402025-06-011510.1177/21582440251343957Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis ApproachJing Zhao0Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, ChinaThis study examines the dynamic, nonlinear interactions among foreign direct investment, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions in 27 countries from 1971 to 2021 using a panel threshold vector autoregression (PT-VAR) model. Key findings include: (a) FDI contributes to emission reduction only when GDP growth exceeds a certain threshold. (b) Renewable energy consumption’s impact on reducing carbon emissions is significant only in the long term and depends on the level of economic growth. (c) In countries with high FDI, economic growth aids in reducing CO 2 emissions both in the short and long term. In contrast, in low FDI countries, economic growth initially leads to environmental degradation, which lessens as the economy matures. (d) An N-shaped relationship exists between FDI and CO 2 emissions in countries with higher renewable energy use in the short to medium term. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between these variables and offer policy insights for sustainable development and climate change mitigation. JEL classifications: C33; F21; O44; Q54https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251343957
spellingShingle Jing Zhao
Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis Approach
SAGE Open
title Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis Approach
title_full Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis Approach
title_fullStr Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis Approach
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis Approach
title_short Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: A Panel Threshold VAR Analysis Approach
title_sort exploring the nonlinear dynamic relationship between foreign direct investment renewable energy consumption economic growth and carbon emissions a panel threshold var analysis approach
url https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251343957
work_keys_str_mv AT jingzhao exploringthenonlineardynamicrelationshipbetweenforeigndirectinvestmentrenewableenergyconsumptioneconomicgrowthandcarbonemissionsapanelthresholdvaranalysisapproach