Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
Background. Manka canal’s metal concentration rises from human activities’ garbage. Untreated water from the canal is used by farmers for local crop irrigation. Immediate action is crucial to assess heavy metal levels and ensure soil suitability for agriculture as metal pollution persists. Purpose....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1097072 |
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| author | Muhammad Anwar ul Hassan Sabiha Javied Umair Riaz Muneera A. Saleh Khalid H. Alamer Naila Siddique Ambreen Aslam Nabeela Noor Qamar uz Zaman |
| author_facet | Muhammad Anwar ul Hassan Sabiha Javied Umair Riaz Muneera A. Saleh Khalid H. Alamer Naila Siddique Ambreen Aslam Nabeela Noor Qamar uz Zaman |
| author_sort | Muhammad Anwar ul Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Manka canal’s metal concentration rises from human activities’ garbage. Untreated water from the canal is used by farmers for local crop irrigation. Immediate action is crucial to assess heavy metal levels and ensure soil suitability for agriculture as metal pollution persists. Purpose. The current study was conducted to assess the health risks associated with metal pollution at Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan. Methods. A total of eighty-four wastewater, soil, and wheat samples were collected from study areas. The collected samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Results. The significant findings of the study revealed that the concentration of heavy metals in most of the collected samples of soil, water, and wheat was above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were at relatively higher concentrations, i.e., 4.88, 22.03, 38.2, 89.2, 19.62, and 67.9 mg/kg, respectively, in collected wheat samples. The soil and irrigation water quality metrics had values that exceeded the acceptable thresholds, rendering them unfit for agricultural use. The local community faces an elevated health risk index for both children and adults due to the consumption of wheat crop as HRI is greater than 1 for nonessential elements like Cd and Pb. Conclusion. The study suggested that wastewater irrigation leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in foodstuffs, causing potential health risks to consumers. The gradual accumulation of these contaminants in biological systems finally gives rise to severe health-related issues. Therefore, it is crucial to implement robust wastewater treatment processes and stringent quality control measures to minimize health risks associated with the consumption of crops grown using reclaimed water. Prior to irrigating crops like wheat and vegetables, it is strongly advised to treat municipal wastewater to prevent soil and dietary toxicity from heavy metals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-597b057a5d3e47aba004eab3389ca5e5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-7675 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-597b057a5d3e47aba004eab3389ca5e52025-02-03T06:47:33ZengWileyApplied and Environmental Soil Science1687-76752023-01-01202310.1155/2023/1097072Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, PakistanMuhammad Anwar ul Hassan0Sabiha Javied1Umair Riaz2Muneera A. Saleh3Khalid H. Alamer4Naila Siddique5Ambreen Aslam6Nabeela Noor7Qamar uz Zaman8Department of Environmental SciencesDepartment of Environmental SciencesDepartment of Soil and Environmental SciencesDepartment of BiologyBiological Sciences DepartmentPINSTECHDepartment of Environmental SciencesDepartment of PharmacyDepartment of Environmental SciencesBackground. Manka canal’s metal concentration rises from human activities’ garbage. Untreated water from the canal is used by farmers for local crop irrigation. Immediate action is crucial to assess heavy metal levels and ensure soil suitability for agriculture as metal pollution persists. Purpose. The current study was conducted to assess the health risks associated with metal pollution at Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan. Methods. A total of eighty-four wastewater, soil, and wheat samples were collected from study areas. The collected samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Results. The significant findings of the study revealed that the concentration of heavy metals in most of the collected samples of soil, water, and wheat was above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were at relatively higher concentrations, i.e., 4.88, 22.03, 38.2, 89.2, 19.62, and 67.9 mg/kg, respectively, in collected wheat samples. The soil and irrigation water quality metrics had values that exceeded the acceptable thresholds, rendering them unfit for agricultural use. The local community faces an elevated health risk index for both children and adults due to the consumption of wheat crop as HRI is greater than 1 for nonessential elements like Cd and Pb. Conclusion. The study suggested that wastewater irrigation leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in foodstuffs, causing potential health risks to consumers. The gradual accumulation of these contaminants in biological systems finally gives rise to severe health-related issues. Therefore, it is crucial to implement robust wastewater treatment processes and stringent quality control measures to minimize health risks associated with the consumption of crops grown using reclaimed water. Prior to irrigating crops like wheat and vegetables, it is strongly advised to treat municipal wastewater to prevent soil and dietary toxicity from heavy metals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1097072 |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Anwar ul Hassan Sabiha Javied Umair Riaz Muneera A. Saleh Khalid H. Alamer Naila Siddique Ambreen Aslam Nabeela Noor Qamar uz Zaman Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| title | Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan |
| title_full | Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan |
| title_short | Assessment of Health Risks in Wheat Crop Irrigated by Manka Canal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan |
| title_sort | assessment of health risks in wheat crop irrigated by manka canal dera ghazi khan pakistan |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1097072 |
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