Prediction of Earthquake Death Toll Based on Principal Component Analysis, Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm, and Extreme Gradient Boosting

Earthquakes, as one of the most destructive natural disasters, often cause significant casualties and severe economic losses. Accurate prediction of earthquake fatalities is of great importance for pre-disaster prevention and mitigation planning, as well as post-disaster emergency response deploymen...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chenhui Wang, Xiaotao Zhang, Xiaoshan Wang, Guoping Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8660
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