Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers

Global fish and seafood consumption is increasing annually, frequently leading to the emergence of food fraud, mainly related to mislabeling and adulteration like, for example, the use of illicit/unauthorized food additives to mask or delay fish spoilage. Among the available diagnostic tools for con...

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Main Authors: Giovanna Esposito, Alessandro Benedetto, Elisa Robotti, Masho Hilawie Belay, Eleonora Goggi, Simone Cerruti, Nunzia Giaccio, Davide Mugetti, Emilio Marengo, Laura Piscopo, Marzia Pezzolato, Elena Bozzetta, Maria Cesarina Abete, Paola Brizio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3443
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author Giovanna Esposito
Alessandro Benedetto
Elisa Robotti
Masho Hilawie Belay
Eleonora Goggi
Simone Cerruti
Nunzia Giaccio
Davide Mugetti
Emilio Marengo
Laura Piscopo
Marzia Pezzolato
Elena Bozzetta
Maria Cesarina Abete
Paola Brizio
author_facet Giovanna Esposito
Alessandro Benedetto
Elisa Robotti
Masho Hilawie Belay
Eleonora Goggi
Simone Cerruti
Nunzia Giaccio
Davide Mugetti
Emilio Marengo
Laura Piscopo
Marzia Pezzolato
Elena Bozzetta
Maria Cesarina Abete
Paola Brizio
author_sort Giovanna Esposito
collection DOAJ
description Global fish and seafood consumption is increasing annually, frequently leading to the emergence of food fraud, mainly related to mislabeling and adulteration like, for example, the use of illicit/unauthorized food additives to mask or delay fish spoilage. Among the available diagnostic tools for control purposes, spectroscopic techniques have often been proposed to identify these kinds of illicit practices in fish and seafood products. The presented study aims to test two cheap and portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometers, a handheld MicroNIR and a pocket-sized SCiO, to uncover use of the illicit food additive Cafodos, a mixture of sodium citrate and hydrogen peroxide used to preserve some fish characteristics (like smell, color, na dtexture). The NIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric approaches, allowed the successfully classification of (81–100%) samples of sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) treated with Cafodos. The study highlights the potential of this technique that, by not requiring pre-treatment of samples with further reagents, is cheaper and safer for the environment. In conclusion, the study confirmed the potential of portable devices for rapid NIR spectroscopy analysis to identify food fraud and ensure consumer safety.
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spelling doaj-art-56ec6c038fb9470f8870a0cd2074536d2025-08-20T02:13:14ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-10-011321344310.3390/foods13213443Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR SpectrometersGiovanna Esposito0Alessandro Benedetto1Elisa Robotti2Masho Hilawie Belay3Eleonora Goggi4Simone Cerruti5Nunzia Giaccio6Davide Mugetti7Emilio Marengo8Laura Piscopo9Marzia Pezzolato10Elena Bozzetta11Maria Cesarina Abete12Paola Brizio13Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyDepartment of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyDepartment of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyDepartment of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyDepartment of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyGlobal fish and seafood consumption is increasing annually, frequently leading to the emergence of food fraud, mainly related to mislabeling and adulteration like, for example, the use of illicit/unauthorized food additives to mask or delay fish spoilage. Among the available diagnostic tools for control purposes, spectroscopic techniques have often been proposed to identify these kinds of illicit practices in fish and seafood products. The presented study aims to test two cheap and portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometers, a handheld MicroNIR and a pocket-sized SCiO, to uncover use of the illicit food additive Cafodos, a mixture of sodium citrate and hydrogen peroxide used to preserve some fish characteristics (like smell, color, na dtexture). The NIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric approaches, allowed the successfully classification of (81–100%) samples of sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) treated with Cafodos. The study highlights the potential of this technique that, by not requiring pre-treatment of samples with further reagents, is cheaper and safer for the environment. In conclusion, the study confirmed the potential of portable devices for rapid NIR spectroscopy analysis to identify food fraud and ensure consumer safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3443Cafodossea bassfood fraudnear infrared spectroscopychemometricsPLS-DA
spellingShingle Giovanna Esposito
Alessandro Benedetto
Elisa Robotti
Masho Hilawie Belay
Eleonora Goggi
Simone Cerruti
Nunzia Giaccio
Davide Mugetti
Emilio Marengo
Laura Piscopo
Marzia Pezzolato
Elena Bozzetta
Maria Cesarina Abete
Paola Brizio
Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers
Foods
Cafodos
sea bass
food fraud
near infrared spectroscopy
chemometrics
PLS-DA
title Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers
title_full Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers
title_fullStr Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers
title_short Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers
title_sort detection of illicit conservation treatments in sea bass i dicentrarchus labrax i application and data integration of nir spectrometers
topic Cafodos
sea bass
food fraud
near infrared spectroscopy
chemometrics
PLS-DA
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3443
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