Accurate cross-species 5mC detection for Oxford Nanopore sequencing in plants with DeepPlant
Abstract Nanopore sequencing enables comprehensive detection of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), particularly in repeat regions. However, CHH methylation detection in plants is limited by the scarcity of high-methylation positive samples, reducing generalization across species. Dorado, the only tool for plan...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58576-x |
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| Summary: | Abstract Nanopore sequencing enables comprehensive detection of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), particularly in repeat regions. However, CHH methylation detection in plants is limited by the scarcity of high-methylation positive samples, reducing generalization across species. Dorado, the only tool for plant 5mC detection on the R10.4 platform, lacks extensive species testing. Here, we develop DeepPlant, a deep learning model incorporating both Bi-LSTM and Transformer architectures, which significantly improves CHH detection accuracy and performs well for CpG and CHG motifs. We address the scarcity of methylation-positive CHH training samples through screening species with abundant high-methylation CHH sites using bisulfite-sequencing and generate datasets that cover diverse 9-mer motifs for training and testing DeepPlant. Evaluated across nine species, DeepPlant achieves high whole-genome methylation frequency correlations (0.705-0.838) with BS-seq data on CHH, improved by 23.4- 117.6% compared to Dorado. DeepPlant also demonstrates superior single-molecule accuracy and F1 score, offering strong generalization for plant epigenetics research. |
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| ISSN: | 2041-1723 |