Metformin and the risk of malignant tumors of digestive system: a mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background Observational studies suggest that metformin may reduce the risk of malignant tumors of the digestive system (MTDS), but these findings are often confounded by bias and unmeasured variables. Recent meta-analyses have questioned these associations, emphasizing the need for robust...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ping Liu, Junqi Xiao, Jinghuang Xiao, Jumei Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-024-01573-9
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