Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings

Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings

Recent outbreaks of zoonotic influenza viruses underscored the need for a deeper understanding of transmission pathways and factors influencing spillover events. Understanding the combined effects of environmental conditions, host interactions, and viral adaptations is essential for effective prepar...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rebecca Badra, Wenqing Zhang, John S. L. Tam, Richard Webby, Sylvie van der Werf, Sergejs Nikisins, Ann Cullinane, Saad Gharaibeh, Richard Njouom, Malik Peiris, Ghazi Kayali, Jean-Michel Heraud
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Viruses
Subjects:
zoonotic influenza virus
cross-species transmission
transmission pathways
animal–human interface
transmission factors
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/857
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