Galectin-9 and Tim-3 in gastric cancer: a checkpoint axis driving T cell exhaustion and Treg-mediated immunosuppression independently of anti-PD-1 blockade

Galectin-9 and Tim-3 in gastric cancer: a checkpoint axis driving T cell exhaustion and Treg-mediated immunosuppression independently of anti-PD-1 blockade

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly advanced the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), yet therapeutic resistance remains common due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and redundancy among inhibitory checkpoints. Tim-3 (HAVCR2) is an emerging immune checkpoint receptor implicate...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Charlotte N. Hill, Gabriela Maita, Camille Cabrolier, Constanza Aros, Ana Maria Vega-Letter, Pamela Gonzalez, Alexis M. Kalergis, Patricia Luz-Crawford, Gareth I. Owen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
gastric cancer
immune checkpoint blockade
galectin-9
TIM-3
anti-PD1
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600792/full
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600792/full

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