Effect of Quercetin-Doped Hydrogen Peroxide Gels on Enamel Properties: An In Vitro Study

Effect of Quercetin-Doped Hydrogen Peroxide Gels on Enamel Properties: An In Vitro Study

This in vitro study evaluated the effects of incorporating quercetin (QC) at varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) into a 35% hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) bleaching gel on esthetic outcomes, enamel hardness and roughness, and H<sub>2</sub>...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Renata de Oliveira Alves, Gabriel Pereira Nunes, Tamires Passadori Martins, Priscila Toninatto Alves de Toledo, Matheus Henrique Faccioli Ragghianti, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Gels
Subjects:
tooth bleaching
hydrogen peroxide
quercetin
flavonoids
antioxidants
dental enamel
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/5/325
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Summary:This in vitro study evaluated the effects of incorporating quercetin (QC) at varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) into a 35% hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) bleaching gel on esthetic outcomes, enamel hardness and roughness, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> transamelodentinal diffusion. Bovine enamel/dentin discs <i>(n</i> = 180; 12/per group for each analysis) were allocated into five groups: (1) negative control (NC), (2) 35% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (HP), (3) HP + 0.25% QC, (4) HP + 0.5% QC, and (5) HP + 1% QC. Treatments were applied for 40 min per session across three sessions with 7-day intervals. Color changes were evaluated using the CIELab* color system (ΔE<sub>ab</sub>), with further analysis performed using the CIEDE2000 formula (ΔE<sub>00</sub>) and the whitening index (ΔWI<sub>D</sub>). Enamel surface hardness, roughness, cross-sectional hardness, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> diffusion were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. All experimental gels resulted in significant color changes (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with similar ΔE<sub>ab</sub>, ΔE<sub>00</sub>, and ΔWI<sub>D</sub> across QC groups. The HP group showed greater reductions in hardness and increased roughness compared to others (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), while the HP/1%QC group resulted in no statistically significant alterations under the tested conditions. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> diffusion was significantly greater in the HP group, while it was notably lower in the HP/1%QC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The incorporation of 1% quercetin into a 35% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> gel maintains its bleaching efficacy while protecting enamel properties and reducing hydrogen peroxide diffusion. Quercetin-enriched H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> gels may enhance bleaching safety by protecting dental tissues while maintaining esthetic benefits.
ISSN:2310-2861

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