Assessing the Impact of Concurrent Tunnel Excavations on Rock Mass Deformation Around Existing Structures

Due to the complexity of planning and constructing underground lines, construction challenges—such as close proximity and multi-line interactions—are increasingly being recognized, along with their associated safety hazards. The visual observation of tunnel deformation and changes in the surrounding...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maoyi Liu, Qiang Ou, Xuanxuan Ren, Xuanming Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6875
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