A Swap-Integrated Procurement Model for Supply Chains: Coordinating with Long-Term Wholesale Contracts

In today’s volatile supply chain environment, organizations require flexible and collaborative procurement strategies. Swap contracts, originally developed as financial instruments, have recently been adopted to address inventory imbalances—such as the 2021 COVID-19 vaccine swap between South Korea...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Min-Yeong Ryu, Pyung-Hoi Koo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2495
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