Ginseng exosomes modulate M1/M2 polarisation by activating autophagy and target IKK/IкB/NF-кB to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication and regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. In a previous study, we demonstrated that fresh ginseng exosomes (GEs) alleviated inflammatory bowel disease. However, the precise mechanism by which GEs activate the immune...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Song Yang, Liangliang Fan, Lijia Yin, Yueming Zhao, Wenjing Li, Ronghua Zhao, Xuxia Jia, Fusong Dong, Ze Zheng, Daqing Zhao, Jiawen Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03292-3
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