Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial

Sourdough bread consumption has been associated with improved glucose and appetite regulation thanks to the presence of organic acids produced during fermentation of the flour-water mixture. We investigated the effects of whole meal sourdough bread (WSB) rich in lactic acid on energy intake, satiety...

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Main Authors: Georgia Chatonidi, Inés Pradal, Luc De Vuyst, Christophe M. Courtin, Kristin Verbeke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Current Research in Food Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665927124002831
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author Georgia Chatonidi
Inés Pradal
Luc De Vuyst
Christophe M. Courtin
Kristin Verbeke
author_facet Georgia Chatonidi
Inés Pradal
Luc De Vuyst
Christophe M. Courtin
Kristin Verbeke
author_sort Georgia Chatonidi
collection DOAJ
description Sourdough bread consumption has been associated with improved glucose and appetite regulation thanks to the presence of organic acids produced during fermentation of the flour-water mixture. We investigated the effects of whole meal sourdough bread (WSB) rich in lactic acid on energy intake, satiety, gastric emptying, glucose, and C-peptide response compared to whole meal yeast bread (WYB). Forty-four normal-weight participants (age: 30 ± 10 y; BMI: 23 ± 2 kg/m2) participated in this double-blind, randomized cross-over trial, consisting of two study visits separated by one week. During each study visit, gastric emptying, subjective appetite, glucose, and C-peptide concentrations were measured at regular time intervals over a 4-h period. After 4 h, ad-libitum energy intake was assessed. Despite no effect of bread type on ad-libitum energy intake at the subsequent meal (p = 0.068), WSB led to lower hunger (p < 0.001), higher fullness (p < 0.001), lower desire to eat (p < 0.001), and lower prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) compared to WYB. WSB had a higher gastric half-emptying time (p = 0.002), lower glucose response between 15 and 30 min (p < 0.05) after bread consumption, and lower C-peptide response between 15 and 90 min (p < 0.05) after bread consumption, compared to WYB. These findings suggest that the consumption of WSB, rich in lactic acid, acutely enhanced satiety and improved the postprandial metabolic response. However, these effects did not result in reduced ad-libitum energy intake.
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spelling doaj-art-533ccffc856a423698b979b244e7d7382025-08-20T02:39:34ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Food Science2665-92712025-01-011010095610.1016/j.crfs.2024.100956Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trialGeorgia Chatonidi0Inés Pradal1Luc De Vuyst2Christophe M. Courtin3Kristin Verbeke4Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumResearch Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, BelgiumResearch Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, BelgiumLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumTranslational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Corresponding author.Sourdough bread consumption has been associated with improved glucose and appetite regulation thanks to the presence of organic acids produced during fermentation of the flour-water mixture. We investigated the effects of whole meal sourdough bread (WSB) rich in lactic acid on energy intake, satiety, gastric emptying, glucose, and C-peptide response compared to whole meal yeast bread (WYB). Forty-four normal-weight participants (age: 30 ± 10 y; BMI: 23 ± 2 kg/m2) participated in this double-blind, randomized cross-over trial, consisting of two study visits separated by one week. During each study visit, gastric emptying, subjective appetite, glucose, and C-peptide concentrations were measured at regular time intervals over a 4-h period. After 4 h, ad-libitum energy intake was assessed. Despite no effect of bread type on ad-libitum energy intake at the subsequent meal (p = 0.068), WSB led to lower hunger (p < 0.001), higher fullness (p < 0.001), lower desire to eat (p < 0.001), and lower prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) compared to WYB. WSB had a higher gastric half-emptying time (p = 0.002), lower glucose response between 15 and 30 min (p < 0.05) after bread consumption, and lower C-peptide response between 15 and 90 min (p < 0.05) after bread consumption, compared to WYB. These findings suggest that the consumption of WSB, rich in lactic acid, acutely enhanced satiety and improved the postprandial metabolic response. However, these effects did not result in reduced ad-libitum energy intake.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665927124002831Sourdough breadLactic acidAppetiteEnergy intakeGlucose responseC-Peptide
spellingShingle Georgia Chatonidi
Inés Pradal
Luc De Vuyst
Christophe M. Courtin
Kristin Verbeke
Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial
Current Research in Food Science
Sourdough bread
Lactic acid
Appetite
Energy intake
Glucose response
C-Peptide
title Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial
title_full Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial
title_fullStr Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial
title_short Effect of lactic acid-rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial
title_sort effect of lactic acid rich sourdough bread on appetite regulation a randomized double blind controlled trial
topic Sourdough bread
Lactic acid
Appetite
Energy intake
Glucose response
C-Peptide
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665927124002831
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