Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and serves as a major risk factor for hypertension, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemias, and type-2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in metabolic hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and immune function, in lean, ov...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/856749 |
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| author | Pramod Nehete Elizabeth R. Magden Bharti Nehete Patrick W. Hanley Christian R. Abee |
| author_facet | Pramod Nehete Elizabeth R. Magden Bharti Nehete Patrick W. Hanley Christian R. Abee |
| author_sort | Pramod Nehete |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and serves as a major risk factor for hypertension, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemias, and type-2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in metabolic hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and immune function, in lean, overweight, and obese chimpanzees in a controlled environment. We observed increased plasma circulating levels of proinflammatory TH-1 cytokines, Interferon gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin-12p40, tumor necrosis factor, soluble CD40 ligand, and Interleukin-1β and anti-inflammatory TH-2 cytokines, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-RA, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-13 in overweight and obese chimpanzees. We also observed increased levels of metabolic hormones glucagon-like-peptide-1, glucagon, connecting peptide, insulin, pancreatic peptide YY3–36, and leptin in the plasma of overweight and obese chimpanzees. Chemokine, eotaxin, fractalkine, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were higher in lean compared to obese chimpanzees, while chemokine ligand 8 increased in plasma of obese chimpanzees. We also observed an obesity-related effect on immune function as demonstrated by lower mitogen induced proliferation, and natural killer activity and higher production of IFN-γ by PBMC in Elispot assay, These findings suggest that lean, overweight, and obese chimpanzees share circulating inflammatory cytokines and metabolic hormone levels with humans and that chimpanzees can serve as a useful animal model for human studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-51890500ec9f4f9fb55d1a40c9ac1a26 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-8040 2042-0099 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | International Journal of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-51890500ec9f4f9fb55d1a40c9ac1a262025-02-03T01:03:24ZengWileyInternational Journal of Inflammation2090-80402042-00992014-01-01201410.1155/2014/856749856749Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in ChimpanzeesPramod Nehete0Elizabeth R. Magden1Bharti Nehete2Patrick W. Hanley3Christian R. Abee4Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USADepartment of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USADepartment of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USADepartment of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USADepartment of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USAObesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and serves as a major risk factor for hypertension, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemias, and type-2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in metabolic hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and immune function, in lean, overweight, and obese chimpanzees in a controlled environment. We observed increased plasma circulating levels of proinflammatory TH-1 cytokines, Interferon gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin-12p40, tumor necrosis factor, soluble CD40 ligand, and Interleukin-1β and anti-inflammatory TH-2 cytokines, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-RA, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-13 in overweight and obese chimpanzees. We also observed increased levels of metabolic hormones glucagon-like-peptide-1, glucagon, connecting peptide, insulin, pancreatic peptide YY3–36, and leptin in the plasma of overweight and obese chimpanzees. Chemokine, eotaxin, fractalkine, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were higher in lean compared to obese chimpanzees, while chemokine ligand 8 increased in plasma of obese chimpanzees. We also observed an obesity-related effect on immune function as demonstrated by lower mitogen induced proliferation, and natural killer activity and higher production of IFN-γ by PBMC in Elispot assay, These findings suggest that lean, overweight, and obese chimpanzees share circulating inflammatory cytokines and metabolic hormone levels with humans and that chimpanzees can serve as a useful animal model for human studies.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/856749 |
| spellingShingle | Pramod Nehete Elizabeth R. Magden Bharti Nehete Patrick W. Hanley Christian R. Abee Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees International Journal of Inflammation |
| title | Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees |
| title_full | Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees |
| title_fullStr | Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees |
| title_short | Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees |
| title_sort | obesity related alterations in plasma cytokines and metabolic hormones in chimpanzees |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/856749 |
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