Media and Islamophobia in Europe: A Literature-Based Analysis of Reports 2015–2023

This study examines the increasing Muslim presence in Western Europe, driven by migration, fertility rates, and religious conversion according to recent demographic research. Triggering events such as the 9/11 attacks in 2001 and the 7/7 London bombings in 2005, marked as milestones, worsened by the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jelang Ramadhan, Karomah Widianingsih, Eva Achjani Zulfa, Imam Khomaeini Hayatullah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Religions
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/5/584
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