Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and advances

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in HCC progression, characterized by dynamic interactions between stromal components, immune cells, and tumor cells. Key immune players, including tumor-...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dong Xie, Yang Liu, Fangbiao Xu, Zhibo Dang, Mengge Li, Qinsheng Zhang, Zhongqin Dang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1581098/full
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