Engineered extracellular vesicles: a breakthrough approach to overcoming sperm cryopreservation challenges

Abstract Freezing sperm for artificial insemination (AI) has been common for decades, but this method causes damage to sperm, which affects its viability and fertility. Various strategies have been used to treat sperm cryopreservation complications, but their results are still not satisfactory. The...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Abazar Esmaeili, Vahid Esmaeili, Abdolhossein Shahverdi, Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01407-x
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